Marketing Philosophy Essay

Endeavors of looking into and displaying advertising components, ideas and philosophical mentalities were various and powerful. In any case, with new difficulties causing obstacles in making advertising capacity increasingly viable on full scale and small scale level of the economy, an amendment of showcasing theory is consistently at place. Components of advertising theory Dibb and Simkin (2004)| Lancaster and Reynolds (2005)| Blythe (2005)| Drummond and Ensor (2005)| Morgan (1996)| 1. Creation direction 2. Money related direction 3. Deals direction 4. Promoting direction 5. Client direction 6. Contender direction 7. Interfunctional Coordination| 1. Creation direction 2. Deals direction 3. Advertising Orientation| 1. Creation direction 2. Item direction 3. Deals direction 4. Client direction 5. Cultural advertising 6. Relationship Marketing| 1. Creation direction 2. Item direction 3. Deals direction 4. Monetary direction 5. Showcasing Orientation| 1. Cost theory 2. Item theory 3. Creation theory 4. Deals reasoning 5. Flighty way of thinking 6. Promoting reasoning 7. Social showcasing philosophy| As demonstrated in Table 1, creators will in general utilize different terms for the components of promoting reasoning: a) ‘orientation’ (Dibb and Simkin, 2004; Lancaster and Reynolds, 2005; Blythe, 2005; Drummond and Ensor, 2005); b) ‘philosophy’ (Morgan, 1996); c) ‘concept’ (Kotler and Armstrong, 2008). Indeed, even the Lithuanian writers, who composed the main college book on promoting, educators Pranulis, Pajuodis, Virvilaite and Urbonavicius (1999, 2000 and 2008) have utilized the Lithuanian partner word ‘orientation’. Following this expansive propensity of the term ‘orientation’ utilization, here, in this article, the decision of the ‘orientation’ term will be applied. The prestigious American teachers Kotler and Armstrong (2008, pp.9-12) demonstrated that their decision of promoting the board directions were as per the following: * the creation idea, * the item idea, * the selling idea, * the advertising idea. * the cultural advertising idea. A comparable assessment was communicated by a gathering of Lithuanian advertising teachers, where they ordered showcasing directions as follows (Pranulis et al., 1999, 2000): a) creation direction, b) item direction, c) selling direction, d) promoting direction; e) socialethical showcasing direction. On account of the trouble of joining all the different aspects of advertising into a solitary definition, Lancaster and Reynolds (2005) recognized highlights of the subject in the accompanying articulations (Lancaster and Reynolds, 2005, p.16): †¢ â€Å"Marketing is dynamic and operational, requiring activity just as arranging. †¢ Marketing requires an improved type of business association, despite the fact that this all alone isn't sufficient. †¢ Marketing is a significant utilitarian region of the board, regularly situated in a solitary physical area. All the more critically, it is a general business reasoning that ought to be embraced by everyone in the whole association. †¢ The advertising idea expresses that the distinguishing proof, fulfillment and maintenance of clients is the way to long haul endurance and flourishing. †¢ Marketing includes arranging and control. †¢ The guideline of promoting states that all business choices ought to be made with essential thought of client prerequisites. †¢ Marketing centers consideration from creation towards the requirements and needs of the commercial center. †¢ Marketing is worried about acquiring an incentive from the market by offering things of significant worth to the market. It does this by creating merchandise and ventures that fulfill the authentic needs and needs of explicitly characterized target markets. †¢ The distinctive element of a showcasing orientated association is the manner by which it endeavors to give consumer loyalty as a method of accomplishing its own business objectives.† The writer of the article proposes the accompanying discernment on the characterization of advertising directions, which establish the promoting theory embodiment: 1) the creation direction, 2) the item direction, 3) the monetary direction, 4) the selling direction, 5) the advertising direction, 6) the market direction (which stretches out to interior and outside directions), 7) the social-moral showcasing direction, 8) the all encompassing promoting direction (which stretches out to inward showcasing direction, coordinated advertising direction, social advertising direction relationship showcasing direction). The all encompassing advertising idea was proposed by Kotler and Keller (2007) however it was not referenced or more extensive examined in the reading material of Principles of Marketing (Kotler and Armstrong, 2008), yet presented in their co-usable book on Marketing Management (2007). Therefore, it is reasonable to remember this new direction for the proposed model (Figure 3), as it coordinated in any event four other sub-directions: an) inner promoting direction, b) incorporated advertising direction, c) social showcasing direction and d) relationship advertising direction. Inside showcasing direction will be straightforwardly managing a Marketing Department inside an association. It will legitimately subordinate to the senior administration level and other authoritative office, accentuating the hierarchical culture and miniaturized scale atmosphere, reasonable for powerful work and achievement factors in showcasing execution. Incorporated promoting direction would center towards coordinated showcasing correspondences, the financially savvy determination of advertising channels and coordinated advancement of items and administrations inside the degree, request and difficulties of the national and worldwide markets. Social showcasing direction would concentrate on the idea of cultural promoting proposed by Kotler and Armstrong (2008), where the essential cultural advertising triangle depends on the prosperity of the network, consolidating the corporate social obligation of organizations and non-benefit associations, legitimate issues and natural security issues, which by and large smooth out the manageable improvement of the economy and utilization designs. Relationship promoting direction would be worried about encouraging the customercompany relationship with shoppers, offering esteem included items and administrations. This direction will likewise cultivate the organization accomplice organization (B2B) relationship, looking for trust and unwavering quality in accomplice choice procedure and its support for coming years. In this manner, promoting channels ought to be viably evolved to decrease expenses and upgrade productivity proportions for every one of the three market members: a) makers, b) merchants and dealers, c) customers. The market direction is proposed to be gathered as inside and outer directions. Despite the fact that Narver and Slater (1990) proposed a model that recognized the parts of market direction as: †¢ Customer direction, which consolidates customers’ discernments and comprehension by customers’ making esteem, offering financially savvy answers for fulfill their requirements. †¢ Competitor direction accentuates one of the marketing’s capacities, i.e., to look for upper hand in the market. Contender examination, acted in different procedures (for example PESTED examination, Porter’s powers investigation, Boston network investigation, and so forth.), gives an organization instruments to dispassionately assess competitors’ abilities and results available. †¢ Organizational culture whenever examined on an individual premise could be either included into showcase direction factor or in the comprehensive advertising direction, depending how integrative the promoting theory is on a hierarchical level. Authoritative culture should bolster client care and client relationship improvement throughemployee execution crystal. †¢ Interfunctional coordination should concentrate on the collaboration between inner utilitarian regions of the association which best serve client need and fulfillment, which in different cases would compare to the relationship promoting direction (Kotler and Keller, 2007). †¢ Long-term center would consolidate the thought of how the above can be continued, and monetarily reasonable, over the long haul. In this paper the recommendation by Drummond et al (2000) is nearer to the author’s impression of market direction, along these lines the constituent pieces of the market direction are viewed as the harmony between: an) External market direction: clients, contenders and other outside partners. b) Internal market direction: representatives and other interior partners. Advertising Orientation The term advertising is utilized widely in current life. On the off chance that you stop somebody in the road and ask them what it implies, they will presumably utilize words like â€Å"advertising†, â€Å"market research† and† a cutting edge word for selling†. Indeed, promoting is significantly something beyond selling, publicizing and exploration, albeit these capacities are significant parts of advertising. The Chartered Lrstitute of Marketing in the UK characterizes promoting as follows: â€Å"Marketing is the administration procedure which recognizes, foresees, and supplies client prerequisites proficiently and profitably†. So what is showcasing direction? In the following areas we will investigate this. First we will consider what it implies for an association to receive an advertising based business reasoning. We will at that point think about the advancement of the promoting idea and see how advertising direction has impacted hierarchical structures in business. An Overview of a Marketing-based Business Philosophy The focuses underneath depict promoting and its job in a showcasing based business theory. We will at that point proceed to consider a showcasing based way of thinking in more detail. * Marketing is an administration procedure, and the suppor

Free Essays on The Runaway Universe

Donald Goldsmith moved on from Harvard College in 1963. He proceeded with his training at UC Berkeley, where he earned a PhD in cosmology and where he later turned into an educator. Throughout the years, he has trained cosmology courses at numerous incredibly famous foundations, including Stanford University, Cornell University, and University of California at Santa Cruse. For his accomplishment in advancing cosmology, Goldsmith got the Lifetime Achievement Award from the American Astronomical Society, and the Science-composing Award from the American Institution of Physics. Goldsmith has composed and altered more than fifteen books. A portion of his most popular works are: Worlds Unnumbered, Supernova! , Voyage to the Milky Way: The Future of Space Exploration, Worlds Unnumbered: The Search for Extrasolar planets, Einstein’s Greatest Blunder? The Search for Life in the Universe, The Astronomers, Space Telescope: Eyes over the Atmosphere, Nemesis: The Death-Star and Other Theo ries of Mass Extinctions, and Mysteries of the Milky Way. For a long time researchers have been endeavoring to find the insider facts of the universe. For whatever length of time that written history, human interest has been worried about what the universe resembles and how it started. In his book Runaway Universe, Donald Goldsmith depicts perceptions of far off supernova and groups of stargazers who contend to discover approaches to assault riddles of the universe, including the bowing of light by gravity, the arrangement of systems billion years prior, and the swoon after development of the creation. The Runaway Universe is an interesting story loaded up with enthralling data about the disclosures of the extraordinary stargazers of the twenty century. The book additionally addresses the present principle issues of cosmology and opens a window into the eventual fate of the universe. All through the book, Donald Goldsmith accentuates the recorded advancement of stargazing and looks at proof put together by the main gatherings of scien... Free Essays on The Runaway Universe Free Essays on The Runaway Universe Donald Goldsmith moved on from Harvard College in 1963. He proceeded with his training at UC Berkeley, where he earned a PhD in stargazing and where he later turned into a teacher. Throughout the years, he has encouraged space science courses at numerous incredibly famous establishments, including Stanford University, Cornell University, and University of California at Santa Cruse. For his accomplishment in advancing stargazing, Goldsmith got the Lifetime Achievement Award from the American Astronomical Society, and the Science-composing Award from the American Institution of Physics. Goldsmith has composed and altered more than fifteen books. A portion of his most renowned works are: Worlds Unnumbered, Supernova! , Voyage to the Milky Way: The Future of Space Exploration, Worlds Unnumbered: The Search for Extrasolar planets, Einstein’s Greatest Blunder? The Search for Life in the Universe, The Astronomers, Space Telescope: Eyes over the Atmosphere, Nemesis: The Death-Star and Other Theories of Mass Extinctions, and Mysteries of the Milky Way. For a long time researchers have been endeavoring to find the insider facts of the universe. For whatever length of time that written history, human interest has been worried about what the universe resembles and how it started. In his book Runaway Universe, Donald Goldsmith depicts perceptions of far off supernova and groups of stargazers who contend to discover approaches to assault secrets of the universe, including the twisting of light by gravity, the development of cosmic systems billion years prior, and the black out after development of the creation. The Runaway Universe is an interesting story loaded up with dazzling data about the revelations of the extraordinary space experts of the twenty century. The book likewise addresses the present primary issues of cosmology and opens a window into the eventual fate of the universe. All through the book, Donald Goldsmith underlines the chronicled advancement of stargazing and looks at proof put together by the main gatherings of scien...

Barcelona FC History Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Barcelona FC History - Essay Example In any case, regardless of the numerous difficulties in the underlying long periods of FCB establishment, the club didn't take well before it began to appreciate accomplishment on different systems and furthermore in field exercises. During the hour of Spanish war, the group was confronted with a money related emergency notwithstanding having an unsupportive government framework that baffled numerous activities taken by the club. As indicated by Barcelona.de, the time of the 1940s was a gift to FCB for having accomplished participation of around 25,000 individuals and won 21 Catalan matches notwithstanding getting 9 trophies (n.d). It is the proceeded with accomplishment of the club in field exercises that kept on drawing in extra individuals to join the club henceforth assuaging the FCB budgetary weight. Also, the expanded participation and development of the quantity of fans required the development of a bigger arena that would have a bigger number of onlookers partnered to the clu b. Along these lines, the FCB started the development of arena Camp Nou that took around three years for completion.Additionally, the FCB aphorism has contributed fundamentally to the achievement of the club since it was established. The club witticism, Mã ©s que un club, which means in excess of a club, was announced by Narcã ­s de Carreras, an onetime FCB president, in 1968 (Barcelona.de, n.d). During the rule of the dictator chief, Francisco Franco, the FCB had been given a ton of limitation relating the club tasks additionally participation due to the apparent relationship to a radicalization of the Catalans.

Free Essays on Mrs Wanda

Mrs. Wanda On July 6th, 1988, I turned five years of age. It had been a troublesome year. My folks were experiencing an intense separation, and as much as possible be harsh, I was. Around a quarter of a year after my father moved out of our home, my mother found another line of work. Obviously this new position didn't engage me by any means. My mother had consistently been home with us. She had stopped working when I was conceived, and had constantly dedicated each second of her an opportunity to me. The main answer for the mother going-to-work-thing was a sitter. Mother started to take meets in our lounge each evening. As each babysitter left, my head was the first to shake from left to right. I was a mindful multi year old (and ruined as well, so that didn’t help a lot). Yet, for reasons unknown my mother consistently tuned in to me. Since we were without a sitter, we went through consistently for about a month with my grandma. One late August evening my family was brought in to Deautrive Hospital. My distant grandma was wiped out and had been surged there in an emergency vehicle. A confused inclination came over me as I escaped the vehicle. As I entered the emergency clinic a smell emerged in my nose. It was the most frightening spot that I had ever experienced. I gradually strolled towards my grandmother’s room and my mother opened the entryway. She was spread out in a huge medical clinic bed with her feet propped up. Attendants came in and out, giving her IVs and medication. There was one specific medical caretaker that remained close by the whole time. She was an African American woman of medium form with a sweet and concerned voice. It appeared as though we were in they medical clinic for a considerable length of time. For the duration of the time that we were there this one specific medical caretaker kept me involved. Sooner or later, my mother and the medical caretaker started to talk. My moth er revealed to her that she was searching for a sitter. Inside seven days, the medical attendant called my home and a meeting was set up. Kindergarten was starting in seven days, and we had recently come back from purchasing school supplies at Wal-Mart. About... Free Essays on Mrs Wanda Free Essays on Mrs Wanda Mrs. Wanda On July 6th, 1988, I turned five years of age. It had been a troublesome year. My folks were experiencing an intense separation, and as much as possible be unpleasant, I was. Around a quarter of a year after my father moved out of our home, my mother found another line of work. Obviously this new position didn't speak to me by any means. My mother had consistently been home with us. She had stopped working when I was conceived, and had constantly given each second of her an opportunity to me. The main answer for the mother going-to-work-thing was a sitter. Mother started to take meets in our family room each evening. As each caretaker left, my head was the first to shake from left to right. I was a mindful multi year old (and exceptionally ruined as well, so that didn’t help a lot). Be that as it may, for reasons unknown my mother consistently tuned in to me. Since we were without a sitter, we went through consistently for about a month with my grandma. One late August evening my family was brought in to Deautrive Hospital. My distant grandma was wiped out and had been surged there in a rescue vehicle. A baffled inclination came over me as I escaped the vehicle. As I entered the emergency clinic an odor emerged in my nose. It was the most startling spot that I had ever experienced. I gradually strolled towards my grandmother’s room and my mother opened the entryway. She was spread out in an enormous clinic bed with her feet propped up. Attendants came in and out, giving her IVs and medication. There was one specific medical caretaker that remained close by the whole time. She was an African American woman of medium form with a sweet and concerned voice. It appeared as though we were in they emergency clinic for a considerable length of time. For the duration of the time that we were there this one specific medical attendant kept me involved. Sooner or later, my mother and the attendant started to talk. My mother revealed to h er that she was searching for a sitter. Inside seven days, the medical caretaker called my home and a meeting was set up. Kindergarten was starting in seven days, and we had quite recently come back from purchasing school supplies at Wal-Mart. About...

Frank Lucas; American Gangster Free Essays

Blunt Lucas; American Gangster What is the one thing each individual, white or dark, rich or poor, American or Hispanic, needs to have a lot of in their ownership? In the event that it’s green, shaky paper with various qualities on the front then cash is the appropriate response. Regardless of whether it’s nineteenth Century, twentieth Century, or 21st Century, individuals work, take, love cash. People aren’t constantly happy with the measure of cash they have, so they work more earnestly, take, loot, or cheat planning to fulfill their cash fixation. We will compose a custom exposition test on Straight to the point Lucas; American Gangster or then again any comparative point just for you Request Now This portrays the endeavors and activities of a â€Å"American Gangster† named Frank Lucas. Forthright did whatever it took to get rich to accommodate his family, driving him to sedate dealing. Regardless of being a killing, lying, risk toward the North East hoodlums associated with the medication dealing, Frank Lucas evokes enthrallment from the crowd because of his interesting and charming character, stressing the joy of getting a handle on assets improperly will just bring you satisfaction for a brief timeframe. Straight to the point Lucas thought he had everything. He was managing the most unadulterated medication there was in the city during this time at a lower cost, had a framework that was actually untraceable, and was wracking in gobs of cash. The inquiry is the reason did Frank Lucas become this way and how could he become this way? Straightforward used to drive around the most popular vendor before he was shot and murdered. Straight to the point was near this man, him being a dad figure in his young life. Straight to the point needed to be that way, so he chose to go into business in the medication dealing business. Straight to the point was power hungry like Satan in Paradise Lost. Satan used to be one of God’s holy messengers until one day Satan concluded he could be even with God and be on top. Similarly as Satan was attempting â€Å"to set himself in wonder over his peers,† (1. 39) so was Frank Lucas attempting to set himself the â€Å"king† of the ghettos up north. What this way of life brought to Frank Lucas took a gander toward the start yet got increasingly hard as time moved on. Straight to the point got rich speedy, assisting his family hugely with monetary issues. However, as his business continued drawing consideration, life turned out to be increasingly hopeless with dangers to his significant other and himself making his life increasingly more of hidden from society. The equivalent goes with Satan. He starts to understand that attempting to be on top isn’t going to be simple, â€Å"for now the idea/Both of lost joy and enduring torment/Torments him. † (1. 54-56). Both Frank Lucas and Satan acknowledging there power thirst accompanies significant results they didn’t anticipate. Both Satan and Frank Lucas give the peruser and crowd an interest that is affable. Candid Lucas has along these lines of conducting himself as the man around town, nobody meddles with him yet dread him. That’s power that individuals are floated towards to like, being the â€Å"center of the world. † Also this interest focuses on onto Frank’s siblings. They are dropping there dreams in there mind since they need what Frank has, rich and distinction. Satan likewise has that include. The manner in which he accepts he can be equivalent to God causes you to feel his certainty. You are fascinated in his dynamic and are interested to check whether he succeeds. He likewise is acceptable at scouring this business of his to different holy messengers who wind up tailing him. Individuals admire them and need what they have. At long last, both Frank Lucas and Satan have the inclination to be the most remarkable individual, have everything, except don’t succeed like they had trusted. Candid Lucas gets captured and put in prison, and Satan needs to continue wishing he could â€Å"have rose to the Most High† (1. 40). While they are both despised by the world they live in, the peruser and crowd start to grin, and start to feel a little resemblance towards these characters particularly for their interest ways. The most effective method to refer to Frank Lucas; American Gangster, Essay models

International Relations Theories Discipline and Diversity - 275 Words

International Relations Theories: Discipline and Diversity (Coursework Sample) Content: International Relations Theories: Discipline and DiversityNameCourseInstitutionDateWord Count 297 wordsInternational Relations Theories: Discipline and DiversityThe theory of international relations focuses on how world systems work. It is the best explanation on what refers to as the notable differences regarding how countries relate to each other in the modern world due to the abundance of concrete evidence. This theory is hinged on two propositions namely, the national interest as well as the theory of realism.According to the theory of national interest, countries act on what they think will protect their national interest. A nation interest normally includes military security, influence over other nations, economic prosperity and self-preservation. For instance, countries could advocate for people since it helps them to carry out trade transactions. The most notable case in the modern world is in increased pleads for diplomacy between countries that traditionall y have contrasting views. This is because they think that by a peaceful coexistence all economic activities will progress (Dunne, 55). Contrary, if two opposing countries cannot find a solution to their misunderstandings, they may resort to war.Another pillar of the theory of international relations is realism. It posits that countries are continually working to increase their powers about other nations (Dunne, 83). A good example of this is North Korea which has been enhancing its military capacities by rising in nuclear ammunition. The country has continued to pile up more nuc...

The Insider Secret on Easy Argument Essay Topics Exposed

The Insider Secret on Easy Argument Essay Topics Exposed The entire idea is to receive your audience thinking and when you opt for an interesting topic to write about, you do precisely that. In choosing your topic, it's frequently a good concept to start out with a subject which you already have some familiarity with. It's not sufficient to pick a topic which everybody agrees on. When you're picking your topic, bear in mind that it's much simpler to write about something which you currently have interest ineven in case you don't know a great deal about it. When you compose the essay by yourself, expect to experience a great deal of stress, especially in case you lack the writing skills and knowledge about academic essay writing. In case the writer chooses a subject that has a lot to write about then it's very likely to be read by the viewers. Preferably, it must be something that you're an expert in. When you are finished with your essay, you must not just check it for spelling and grammatical errors, but nevertheless, it also has to be checked for logical fallacies. Thus, you can ask all the essential questions and consult on some points. What's more, the topic itself includes a whole lot of statistics and can be ideal for practically any business, statistics, marketing or other majors. Among the very first and main problems many face when they must compose a persuasive essay for college or for another purpose is picking a topic. Nobody really wishes to compose an essay. To discover argumentative essay topics easy on various platforms, you want to comprehend about the argumentative essay. Good persuasive essay topics must be persuasive. Moral argumentative essay topics are a few of the simplest to get carried away with. Inspiration to make your own advertising or media argumentative essay topics isn't challenging to discover. Particularly, it is going to supply you with good topics. It's possible for you to pick topics from several lists of ready themes. When writing an important composition, it's sensible to pick contradictive topics. Young writers may try simple on-line citation generators which are generally at no charge. Typically, it doesn't include references and quotes in it. It's important to select debatable argumentative essay topics as you need opposing points that you may counter to your own points. Instead of just immediately writing about your argumentative essay topic, you should first think about what it is that you're likely to put back on your paper through a procedure of brainstorming and pre-writing. Possessing a superb attention getter for an essay paper is completely crucial teach you just how to compose a really effective lines and a few examples of attention getters for. Don't neglect to write the last part, that is the conclusion of your essay paper. It is essential to decide on a great topic to be able to compose a terrific paper. The Importance of Easy Argument Essay Topics Writing a great persuasive essay is a significant approach to impress both your teacher and peers. The role of assigning an essay to middle school students is to make awareness and permit them to develop writing skills. On the flip side, some argue that the expense of college leaves students with crippling debt they'll never have the ability to repay. If you're a student who needs assis tance with an easy, then you will be happy to learn some tips that are going to be useful once you begin. After picking your subject, you should have the five kinds of arguments at the rear of your head throughout your writing. Argumentative essays suppose that there's a discussion opposed to a single viewpoint, while persuasive ones involve supporting just one position. Getting in a position to compose a strong argument can help you succeed in society. First of all, you should take note of how the sole intention of such essay is to convince the reader of a specific opinion.

Alcohol And Its Effects On Psychological And Physical Levels

Alcohol is integrated into every part of American society, from the media to basic social interaction. Alcohol is so ingrained into culture that it has become an indication of status, a declaration of membership, a gender-based choice, and a rite of passage (SIRC, 2014). Adolescents growing up in an environment in which alcohol is so prevalent are bound to experiment, and this has become an expectation. However, drinking impacts minors negatively on psychological and physical levels, and early use can greatly affect use later in life. The United States has employed many programs to advocate abstinence from alcohol use and abuse, designing these programs by age group. However, these programs must always be improved to compete with alcohol†¦show more content†¦Alcohol has become linked to personal attributes such as attractiveness, sociability, adventure, and romance. In addition, many teenagers seek out alcohol for many different reasons, including self-esteem boosts, social ease and comfort, self-medication, boredom, and rebellion. Oftentimes, minors do not associate their drinking with doing something inherently bad for them- unless they have seen the negative effects of alcohol up close, the short term effects are easily dismissible in the face of social and internal pressures. Approximately 40 percent of people who started drinking before age 15 described their drinking behavior in ways consistent with a diagnosis for alcohol dependence (Johns Hopkins, 2007). Only 10% of people who waited until after 21 could claim the same. It is proven that early alcohol use by young people are at an increased risk of alcoholism later in life. Alcohol is also a depressant, regular drinking lowers serotonin levels in the brain (Drinkaware, 2016). Drinkers of any age who attempt to use alcohol as a coping mechanism tend to find out that alcohol merely makes stress worse. Drinking casually with a friend or drinking a glass of wine after work may seem relaxing, but over time, even this takes its toll. In addition, those who drink are at an extreme risk of being sexually assaulted and having unprotected sex, which may lead to an unwanted pregnancy. When looking at the effects of alcohol from an emotional

Definition and Examples of Anadiplosis in Rhetoric

The Effects Of Divorce On Children And The Association...

Taylor Rydberg Sociology 134 Schweingruber 9/30/14 Library Research Project I’m sure everyone has heard that roughly fifty percent of marriages end in divorce. I’m not entirely sure that static is still true, but still a lot of marriages do end in divorce. I am a child of divorce. My parents got divorced when I was around five years old. I’m always very interested in the affects divorce has on children, since I am one. Our society has changed to mostly accept divorce. I think divorce is related to the course material because it’s happening a lot in our society; sociology is the study of social behavior, organization, and development. I’m interested in how divorced fathers affect their children’s future. In the research paper, Parenting†¦show more content†¦They also wanted to see how the children reacted to their fathers parenting them, instead of their mother. The study found that non-residential fathers were less controlling and less supportive than fathers that have joint custody with the mother and married fathers. â€Å"We conclude that, even after a divorce, fathers have the capacity to enhance children’s self-esteem and we suggest that future research should investigate this capacity,† (Bastaits, Ponnet, Mortelmans 1). In the next research paper, Increasing Our Understanding of Divorced Fathers Who Have Infrequent Contact With Their Children by James Dudley; Dudley wanted individuals who read this paper to understand the ever-increasing awareness that not a lot of research is being done about divorced fathers. Most studies that have been done focus on mothers who have custody of their children. Dudley intended this paper for readers that want to help divorced fathers stay involved or become more involved in their child’s life. Dudley studied eighty-four divorced fathers out of two hundred and fifty-five divorced fathers who took part in his study. He chose the eighty-four fathers out of the others because these fathers had way less f requent contact with their children. Dudley’s criteria for his study were that the fathers had to be divorced, one of their children had to be under nineteen years old, and live in Philadelphia. This study used a purposive sampling approach, meaning that any father that

Rap Music Is Not The Only Type Of American Music...

Rap music is not the only type of American music associated with sex and violence. The history of Rock’s Roll for example, is a good example. The same arrangements, with white people at the top, uplifted an entire American generation on sex and violence in other types of music. Now they are doing the same with rap music (Roberts, 1994). Rappers have thus been forced to abandon the stated goal of their humble beginning to conform to the marketable aspects of their crafts. (Rebollo-Gil Moras, 2012). Rappers have adopted all elements of hip-hop as a part of their daily practices claiming that hip-hop artists influence music, fashion, and speech. The portrayal of black men and black women in Hip Hop videos and lyrics serve the interests of white supremacist producers involved in rap music. Adams Fuller (2006) describe racialized misogyny as a part of America’s awareness. The authors suggest that this belief has a profound significance on the inner spirit of African Americ ans as it feeds off not only animosity of women but loathing toward Blackness, which serves as a dual-purpose. Whether is the depiction of black female by black males in rap videos or the representation of black female sexuality by white racist, the sexual interaction between black men and black women takes on a compulsory heterosexual tone that explicates traditional heterosexism and entrenched racism (Rebollo-Gil Moras, 2012). Because of the governing sexual and racial aspects of rap music, there areShow MoreRelatedCritical Analysis redeeming Rap music1088 Words   |  5 Pages â€Å"Redeeming the Rap Music Experience† The influence of rap on black urban youths has become a major part to the modern day music industry. Berry uses the article to show that through rap music, low income black youth are able to develop empowering values and ideologies, strengthen cultural interaction and establish positive identities. This is done by describing different components of urban black culture associated with rap which enhances the struggle for black significance in pop culture. HisRead MoreThe Start Of Hip Hop1094 Words   |  5 Pagescreatively through rhymes spoken to music. A time when groups gathered and had a good time with no fear of violence erupting. However as hip hop evolved, the lyrics changed and it began to take a turn for the worse. The lyrics are no longer a positive outlet to express the problems the youth face, it is no longer â€Å"a compelling distraction from the turmoil of inner-city life† (Green 47). Rap has a huge following among youth no matter their socio-economic backgro und. Rap can and has influenced AmericaRead MoreMusic and the American Culture Essay1620 Words   |  7 PagesMusic has played a vital role in human culture and evidence based on archaeological sites can date it back to prehistoric times. It can be traced through almost all civilizations in one form or another. As time has progressed so has the music and the influences it has on people. Music is an important part of popular culture throughout the world, but it is especially popular in the United States. The music industry here is, and has been, a multi-million dollar business that continues to play anRead MoreRap Music And Its Influence On African American Youth1705 Words   |  7 Pages Music and society have always been closely related. For years now music has been apart of people’s everyday lives all around the world. Having so many different genres out there, it makes it easy to be appealing to so many different ethnic backgrounds. However, one type of genre in part icular has seemed to grab the attention of a younger generation. Rap music has undoubtedly had its utmost impact on African American youth, since many of the performers themselves are African American. An overtlyRead MoreRap Music And Its Effect On Society Essay1277 Words   |  6 Pagespeople think that it is only classical music that has a positive effect on society because of its soft tune and melody, but in fact rap music can have that same effect. The reason that some people think rap music leads to violence is because gang members can often be found listening to rap music, and they dress in the urban clothing style of rappers. The reality is that rap music is greatly misunderstood. The media often portrays rap music as negative and focuses on rap music more when it is relatedRead MoreThe Impact Of Rap Music On Today s Society867 Words   |  4 PagesThe impact of rap music in today’s society is extremely substantial. Many Americans listen to rap music, even though dif ferent rap artist discuss various issues in their songs, it may influences their fans to do the same. A large amount of rap music contains explicit lyrics that describe illegal activities, aggression, and sexual content. Researchers from Iowa State University and the Texas Department of Human Services found that aggressive music lyrics increase aggressive thought and feelings, mightRead MoreConflicting Paradigms On Gender And Sexuality1453 Words   |  6 PagesProfessor Salerno SYG 1000 September 30th, 2016 Conflicting Paradigms on Gender and Sexuality in Rap Music: Review Introduction: The article I am researching and analyzing is â€Å"Conflicting Paradigms on Gender and Sexuality in Rap Music: A Systematic Review† written by Denise Herd. This article was published in the academic journal â€Å"Sexuality and Culture†, on July 1st, 2000. This article is centered around rap music with its social and cultural significance for youth audiences, all around the world and howRead MoreA Response to â€Å"Hip Hop: a Roadblock or Pathway to Black Empowerment†1110 Words   |  5 PagesRoadblock or Pathway to Black Empowerment illustrates the influence hip hop and rap music has had on not only the music industry but mainstream culture, African Americans to be specific. Geoffrey Bennett, a senior English Major from Voorhees, New Jersey goes over many aspects of how hip hop came to be â€Å"the forefront of American attention.† He starts from its early history in the 1980s as an African American exclusive music genre to what is now a worldwide phen omenon. He reviews the affect it has hadRead MoreEssay on Rap Music2280 Words   |  10 PagesRap is a popular type of music in todays society, but it didnt just come to be. In the 1970s rap emerged from other types of music to become what it is today. Rap is influenced and inspired by other types of music. Its influences are closely related to each other. Rap music has derived from various types of music. In a world in which people are constantly confronted with violent acts such as rape, assault, murder, school shootings and other violences, society is eager and anxious to find andRead MoreConsequences of Popular Culture1060 Words   |  5 Pageslogically or naturally follows from an action or condition. In this matter we are referring to the consequences of Pop Culture towards violence. Violence in general has one meaning, an act of aggression. We will be examining three types of violence in our culture, Domestic violence, Youth violence, and of course Gun violence. We feel tha t all three of these types of violence have increased in today s society as a consequence of pop culture. Popular culture, or pop culture, is the people s culture that

Information Security and Privacy for Computing - myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theInformation Security and Privacy for Cloud Computing. Answer: Introduction Information security means guarding information. It involves tools for detecting and preventing any courier threats to all forms of non-digital and digital information(Benbasat, 2010). Information security is concerned with ensuring that all forms of information all guarded against unauthorized access, modification, copying, and disclosure(Benbasat, 2010). Most of organization and governments have set regulations and standards to facilitate information security practices. Information privacy, is concerned with ensuring that information is safeguarded. Information security and privacy issues are critical especially in cloud computing(Aqeel, David Yan, 2016). Cloud computing is a computing trend that uses the internet to provide elastic and scalable information technology enabled capabilities. . Cloud computing is important to any organization and government parastatals as its money, resources and time as compared to on-premises forms of computing(Chunghun Suhyun , 2016). There are many issues that are related to both information security and privacy and every organization should address them in order to secure its data and information(Derek Manky , 2013). Organizations should conduct security audit to examine the ability of their systems to secure their data and information of their stakeholders. Sensors in traffic lights, bus stops, and rubbish bins The government aims at implementing sensors in different areas to facilitate remote control.This process facilitates the implementation of Internet of Things (IoT) in Singapore(Eddolls Matt, 2016). The government has mandated Infocomm Development Authority IDA to facilitate the whole process to ensure it becomes a success. According to IDA data and information collected from the sensors as well as from any other objects with the sensing capabilities will greatly contribute to achieving the smart nation objectives(Khalid, 1996). Implications for privacy of the smart sensor network The Singaporeans are concerned with the loss of their personal information; the people are worried about the black markets where their data can be traded without their consent(Donghee, 2015). People are also concerned with the increased cases of the dark web where all kinds of hacking tools are available; this tool exposes the personal data provided to government authorities(Eddolls Matt, 2016). Hackers can easily tap the personal information from the central repository and use it for their personal gain or expose it to the unauthorized persons or to other countries(Dabbous, 2000). For this reason, the Singaporeans feel that the government should cooperate with relevant international bodies and other countries to ensure that possible threats such as hacking are taken care of. The government want to monitor peoples movement and behavior. The Singaporeans feel a breach of their privacy when the government wants to track and keep records of their movement from one place to another and also their personal behaviors such as smoking habits(Coen-Porisini Sicari , 2015). For these reasons the peoples trust over the smart nation is compromised, they feel that the government need to do a lot to ensure that their personal data is not leaked to unauthorized persons or organizations. The government insists that it is the initiative of every person that will enable the government to achieve control over cybercrime and privacy issues(Dyer Julian, 2012). People should report any data breaches incidents immediately to the relevant authorities so that necessary measures can be undertaken. To strengthen national cyber security, the government of Singapore has engaged in bilateral exchanges and shared information regarding the best practices with other countries such as Fr ance(Donghee, 2015). The government is also key in developing high-class cyber security capabilities to aid the government in fighting possible cybercrimes and threats to personal information. Also, the government has spearheaded the building of strong cybersecurity ecosystems by merging together different institutions and government organizations. Effects on a visitor to Singapore For visitors to Singapore, the smart nation would have both negative and positive impacts on them, the use of sensors among the visitors can monitor their movements while in Singapore, and this then provides the visitors with important information to facilitate that they are secure while moving about in the Singapores cities(Dyer Julian, 2012). The smart sensors could also be used by the government to enhance the security of the visitors and the visitors. By monitoring the visitors, the government agencies can keep them out of harm by deterring them from accessing areas where their personal security could be compromised. Also the government has installed sensors in public housing where visitors stay, therefore, visitors can be guarded when they are in those houses(John Michael , 2017). On the other hand, visitors may feel a lack of privacy; this is because the interconnected sensors and CCTV will be collecting too much of their personal information, sharing that information across the government agencies and storing that information(Eddolls Matt, 2016). Visitors feel that monitoring their movements in the cities, their behavior while in the public housing is a breach of their privacy. Effects on resident of Singapore For the residents of Singapore, they have numerous advantages to count from the smart nation project. First, in housing, most of the public houses are integrated with the sensors(Gajjar Manish , 2017). Residents living in these public houses are monitored and provided with feedback about their behavior, they then use this information to improve their water and electricity usage thus reducing their household costs. Also, the Singaporeans are set to benefit from the Elderly Monitoring System EMS that is used to monitor the activity and the behavior of the elderly people and then sends an alert to the caregiver, the aim of this system is to reduce the burden the old people may have of their family members. Heterogeneous Network The government of Singapore is also committed to providing Wi-Fi hotspots throughout in cities. The aim of this plan is to ensure that everybody is connected to the internet through the use of their mobile phones(John Michael , 2017). This initiative is referred as Heterogeneous Network HetNet. The objective of Infocomm Development Authority IDA is to ensure that everyone remains connected to the internet from when they leave their homes until when they return. To achieve this, the IDA is collaborating with the major Singaporean telecommunication organization who will help to develop the required infrastructure so that people can seamlessly switch between personal mobile data and the public Wi-Fi provided by the government as one moves about in the cities(Lau Yiu Chung, 2015). This plan is mostly spearheaded in the areas with huge human traffic such as in the bus stations, lifts and walkways, the initial trials will enable the providers to determine how much network usage is requir ed, and also work to ensure that the network in uninterrupted when the users switch to video streaming. The main objective of the government is not to provide entertainment to the public but to use technology to provide connectivity through the use of smart devices and apply those initiatives in remote learning and health monitoring as well as in the self-driving vehicles(Dabbous, 2000). Effects on a visitors to Singapore This Heterogeneous Network plan will have the positive impact on the visitors; this is because the system will enhance security across the connected areas, therefore, ensuring security to the visitors. This is because with the HetNet the smart devices of the visitors will roam across all the cities and environments covered with the internet provided by the major internet providers and ensure seamless access to the internet(Gajjar Manish , 2017). Therefore, it is likely that the visitors will enjoy continued connectivity to the internet even when one of the mobile or wireless networks is fluctuating or when the services of one internet provider are completely down. Visitors use the steady internet connectivity to communicate with the necessary agencies when they need help. The government can also remotely monitor the visitors in these networks to guide them when need be or attend to them in the case of emergency(Loukaitou-Sideris, 2006). Also, the government can use visitors data collected in this networks to provide more responsive services to them. Government agencies that are mandated to collect and analyze the visitors data may use the information they gather to improve the service delivery to the visitors(Lau Yiu Chung, 2015). Some of the information that the government may provide to the visitors include country maps to guide them through as well as real time updates that may be necessary to them such as the weather condition forecast, security information and traffic updates and any other information that would ensure that visitors kept up to date current and expected occurrences. Effects on a resident of Singapore The residents of Singapore are also set to benefit from the Heterogeneous Network. This is through government provision of high quality and consistent services to its citizens, HetNet programme is set to improve both data latency and speed across all the different networks to support applications and the services offered to the users, for example, transmission of voice, fax video, and other information among the users could be provided with minimal delays as users seamlessly switch from one network to another. Sufficient high bandwidth could also be provided so that other services such as HD video streaming video calling and could be enjoyed by the users with little or no interruptions at all(Khalid, 1996). Also by harnessing the available networks, the government will increase the wireless capacity thus increasing data speeds, by so doing the government will be able to meet the need for mobile connectivity as well as enhance user experience. The Heterogeneous Network program will also use useful to create business and employment opportunities and also create intellectual property to most of the Singaporeans. Local industries will players such as research institutes will be developed to spearhead developed of innovative solutions which can be used to bridge the existing technological gaps or to develop new business models that are applicable in the technological industries. Such measure will create employment opportunities for most of the youth thus reducing the rate of unemployment(Metheny Matthew, 2017). Also, the government can also use the available public internet to provide important services to its citizens. Such services include; teaching the public about different government initiatives and also conduct health campaigns meant to improve the welfare of the people. Effect of heterogeneous network on sensitive and confidential information Sensitive information on smart devices can be shared across the connected devices without the users' consent when one is connected to the public network. When Heterogeneous Network program is implemented, then it will be difficult to store confidential information in the mobile devices or conduct personal conversations using the devices connected to the public Wi-Fi because that information can easily be unintentionally transmitted to other devices which are connected to the same Wi-Fi(Samani Raj, 2015). That means that Heterogeneous Network project may compromise the privacy of the users. Digital Identity help in maintaining privacy A digital identity is a key approach in facilitating users privacy when on the internet. Digital identity comprises of personal attributes that are used to authenticate users while accessing or when conducting transactions(Moussa Haralambos, 2013). When using the internet, the users identity should be kept as a secret and should always remain anonymous to prevent theft of identities. The importance of keeping identities to be secret is to ensure that we dont compromise our ability to have control over our lives socially, politically and economically in the digital world(Reed, 2006). Everyone should have proper management of their personal data and information to ensure that no identity or information is lost to unauthorized persons. Anytime we create an account or use log in to existing accounts then we should ensure that no bit of personal information such as password or security numbers is left exposed and one should always log out once done conducting services on the internet. To facilitate privacy protection we should be mindful of the extent to which we make our personal information public and how well that information is protected, this also calls for proper management for accounts library and deleting accounts that we no longer use their services. To minimize or completely remove the threats to privacy when on the internet we need effective methods of authenticating that we are the rightful users of our accounts(Kshetri Nir, 2013). Usernames and passwords are no longer effective because hackers can easily break them regardless of how complex they may appear to be. For this reason, most organizations and government agencies are investing use of biometrics and two factor methods of authentication. With these layers in place, it is possible to add layers of security to the existing usernames and passwords. To ensure privacy when using the mobile phone, I would ensure that I create unique attributes that should comprise of alphabetic and numeric characters as well as other special characters. This is important in ensuring that the authentication credential remains complex to reduce possibilities of someone guessing the information(Loukaitou-Sideris, 2006). Also, I would ensure that my credentials information remains exclusively personal so as not leak it to other users. Most importantly I would ensure that am logged out every time am done using the services on the internet. This would help in minimizing the probability of someone else accessing my account using my gadgets or public devices such computers in the cyber caf. Digital identities are also guided by international standards(Reed, 2006). This means that when one completes transactions by giving out their credentials such as the credit card numbers that information is confidential and should not be availed to unauthorized personn el. Therefore, it provides a guarantee to the users that their information is secretly maintained. Digital identities make it difficult for identity theft, and it makes it easier for users to sign in because instead of using passwords or usernames one only provides their phone numbers during login and completes the process using their devices when secret codes are sent to them. Most importantly it places the customer at the center of everything and asks for customer permission every time their identity is invoked, and credentials are passed(Sheetal Sandeep, 2015). This is very different from what most systems approves authentication through the use of passwords and usernames that are unsecured, and the user is not notified when their accounts are accessed. For this reasons, digital identifiers will help in dealing with privacy matters. Steps to ensure Security Privacy of Digital Identity There are different approaches that can be used to protect once digital identity when using the internet. The most basic method is using strong passwords and ensuring that one does not use the same password across multiple accounts. A good password should include alphanumeric characters and special characters(Reed, 2006). One can also use password generators to come up with complex and secure passwords. The advantages of having complex passwords are that they are hard to guess and sometimes they are difficult to hack, also having strong passwords reduces possibilities of brute force attack and they can also overcome word intelligent mechanism that can be used to decode the password. On the other hand use of complex passwords has associated disadvantages, one can easily forget a password that contains uppercase and lowercase, alphanumeric and special characters(Benbasat, 2010). Another approach that can be used to safeguard digital identity is through automatically updating the operating system of the devices. Automatically updating of the operating system ensures real time protection from threats and also ensures one is up to date with the new technology that can guard against stealing of personal data(Seyedmostafa Razilawiti , 2013). However, when operating systems are updated with untrusted versions they can create a security bridge to loss of personal information and also update of an operating system can lead to loss of information if backup copies are not created. When in public internet one should avoid using malicious links in email with an unknown sender, and also one should refrain from accessing cheap pirated music and movies as they come great hidden dangers. The disadvantages of the internet cheap resources are mostly associated with malicious malware which is created with intentions of stealing confidential information such as passwords. Keeping off the cheap resources will ensure security and privacy of the digital identity(Aqeel, David Yan, 2016). Another way that can be used in securing accounts on the internet is through regular changing of passwords, and the username, advantages of changing passwords is that one minimizes instances where one can have shared password with other people this ensure that the security of the account is regularly updated(Sheetal Sandeep, 2015). The disadvantage of this approach is that passwords can easily be forgotten if they are not properly noted or recorded. Another step that can be used in securing privacy and security of the identity is through disabling the location services on the mobile phone or other devices when the location settings are enabled it provides geolocation parameters to all activities conducted on the internet including web browsing, photos, and video posts(Derek Manky , 2013). The advantages of having the location settings active are that one can access services such as map navigation while on the other side it indicates once location to everyone who reads the posted information signaling to them about your specific locations either home or at work. Additionally one may consider using different forms of authentication other than using usernames and passwords, these methods include use of biometrics which provides a seamless method of interacting with internet connected systems without necessarily remembering the complex passwords. Also one can also consider using the multi-factor authentication techniques, this approach uses the attributes known to the users such as a code sent directly to the phone or email of the user(Coen-Porisini Sicari , 2015). The advantages of this method are that it provides high-level security that cannot be easily decoded and that an account cannot be accessed without the consent of the user. The disadvantages of this method are that it is not integrated with many systems therefore not available for many systems. In conclusion, to achieve security and privacy for information and personal data requires more than developing rules and regulations, every user needs to be careful with their activities on the internet. One should safeguard information from unauthorized persons through all possible means and when a security breach is noted it should be reported to necessary authorities to enforce the necessary measures. References Aqeel, S., David, L., Yan, L. (2016). Security and privacy preserving approaches in the eHealth clouds with disaster recovery plan. 1-8. Chunghun, L., Suhyun, K. (2016). Undrstanding information security stress. Focusing on the type of information security compliance activity, 60-70. Coen-Porisini., S. Sicari A. (2015). Security, privacy and trust in Internet of Things. The road ahead, 146-164. Derek., Manky . (2013). Cybercrime as a service. a very modern business, 9-13. Donghee., Shin. (2015). Beyond user experience of cloud service. Inplication for value sensitive approach, 33-44. Dyer ., Julian. (2012). Cloud concerns. the safe route to adoption, 16-19. Eddolls., Matt. (2016). Making cybercrime prevention the highest priority. 5-8. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1016/S1352-4858(16)30075-7 Epps., Chip. (2017). Best practices to deal with top cybercrime activities. 13-15. Gajjar., Manish, J. (2017). Sensor security and location privacy. 223-265. John, S., Michael, C. (2017). Cybercrime. 87-116. Kshetri., Nir. (2013). Privacy and security issues in cloud computing. The role of institutions and institutional evolution, 372-386. Lau ., Yiu, C. L. (2015). Cybercrime in cloud. Risks and responses in Hong Kong, Singapore, 17-35. Metheny., Matthew. (2017). Security and privacy in public cloud computing. 79-115. Monsooreh, E., Behrouz, T. L. (2017). Infromation sharing vs privacy. A game theoretic analysis, 327-337. Moussa, O., Haralambos, M. (2013). Selecting a cloud Service Provider in the age of cybercrime. 3-13. Muhammad B. M., Vosilakos, A. (2017). Security and privacy challeges in mobile cloud computing. Survey and way ahead, 38-54. Nurul, H. A. R., Kim-Kwang, R. C. (2015). A Survey of information security incident handling in the cloud. 45-69. Samani., Raj. (2015). Secure Cloud for Mobile Computing. 63-83. Seyedmostafa, S., Razilawiti, R. (2013). Reviews on Cybercrime Affecting Portable devices. 650-657. Sheetal, K., Sandeep K. S. (2015). Secure authentication scheme for IoT and cloud servers. 210-223.

The Most Meaningful Gift Essay Research Paper free essay sample

The Most Meaningful Gift Essay, Research Paper The subject for # 8220 ; The Gift of the Magi # 8221 ; is that love is more of import than any material point. Della and Jim, the two chief characters, demonstrated the subject. This subject besides occurs in the # 8220 ; existent world. # 8221 ; The subject in this short narrative has a deep significance. One manner to construe the subject is that love will last a life-time, and material gifts will non. Another reading is that people will ever retrieve how much they love person or how much person loves them, but they will non needfully retrieve a certain stuff gift. Besides, many people can give more love than money can purchase and it is frequently valued more. This subject is demonstrated in this narrative in legion ways. # 8220 ; Don # 8217 ; Ts make any error Dell ; he said about me. I don # 8217 ; t believe there is anything in the manner of a haircut or shave or a shampoo that could do me like my miss any less. We will write a custom essay sample on The Most Meaningful Gift Essay Research Paper or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page # 8221 ; ( O. Henry p177. ) Besides, this subject is demonstrated at the terminal of the narrative. Della was upset that she did non hold a gift for Jim, so she sold what she loved most to demo her love for him. She sold her hair to purchase a concatenation field-grade officer R Jim’s ticker, but it was dry that Jim had sold his ticker to purchase combs for Della’s hair. They each wanted to give a gift related to each other’s most prized ownership and they both were willing to give their most prized ownership. Neither gift was utile at the clip but it was a mark of their love. This subject non merely relates to this short narrative but it relates to life. For illustration, Mother Theresa gave her love for the universe, but she was non rich. She had more to give in the manner of love. Another illustration was a household who adopted many kids, irrespective of their disabilities, and loved them, which was something that money can non purchase. Finally, there are many people who volunteer their clip and demo their love is worth more than material things. In decision, the definition of wealth means more than money ; it besides includes love and felicity. The subject, love is for more of import than any material gift, is shown through # 8220 ; The Gift of the Magi # 8221 ; and in mundane life. This is one ground why so many people are affluent but do non hold money. It besides indicates that may people hold money but are non affluent.

Sample of Essay Opening Paragraph

Sample of Essay Opening ParagraphAn essay sample of paragraph is a great way to get the ball rolling. It gives you an overview of what you will be writing, but it is important that you give your students some inspiration to take it to the next level. Once they understand the steps, they will be eager to start writing the essay.To get started, you will need to choose a paragraph and write a brief introduction to the paragraph. The introduction should introduce the essay topic and describe your topic, as well as why it is a good idea to write about it. This paragraph is also an opportunity to talk about yourself, your education, or anything else relevant to the essay topic.Next, you will need to write your main points, which are the body of the essay. The title of your paragraph should be your main point. Don't worry if your main point is more than one paragraph long. Just remember that the body of the essay should stay on topic.In order to start writing the body of the essay, you will need to identify one or two or three main points. Your main points should be well written and give your readers a reason to read on. While you might not be able to avoid using lengthy paragraphs, you should limit the number of sentences to four or five per paragraph.After you have written your first paragraph, you can now move onto the second. Write your opening paragraph again, and then come back and rewrite the main points in the second paragraph. Repeat this process until you have a complete first and second paragraph. Finally, you can move onto the third paragraph.You can skip all of the subsequent paragraphs by including them in the article you are writing or adding them to the end of the essay. It is important that you keep the paragraphs focused on your main points. Don't muddle things up with a lot of filler. It will not help your essay because it won't be related to your main points.Also, remember to always emphasize your main points. Do not be afraid to use technical term s in your paragraphs. You may want to include a formula in your essay sample to make your points easier to understand. While your essay is still fairly long, try to keep it to a nice length.As you learn to write and compose essays, you will be sure to use the right tools and resources to get your work done. Try writing a sample of essay opening paragraph to get your feet wet. Once you feel confident in your abilities, you can move onto bigger and better things.

The Truman Doctrine

Historical background The outcome of the World War II (WWII) led to emergence of two supers power; The United States and Union of Soviet Socialist Republic (USSR). This meant that the two had assumed greater responsibility in world affairs.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Truman Doctrine specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More They both embarked on setting up foundations that would establish them as the new masters of the new world, albeit with different approaches which were largely shaped by their traditional ideologies dating centuries ago. Because of fundamental differences in their ideologies; capitalism and communism, and having defeated a common enemy and therefore no common goal of union, divisions ensued. The Soviet Union quickly and aggressively moved to establish its influence in Europe. It succeeded in Eastern and Central Europe and Far East Asia setting up communism governments in Bulgaria, Romania, Lao s, Thailand, Vietnam and Northern Korea. It further sought to maintain and expand its territorial control over Poland in disregard to the Yalta Accord which granted it control over Eastern Poland and left the North and West to the Polish government ironically going against one of the goals of the just concluded war; to stop territorial violations. In the Middle East, the Soviet Union was reluctant to withdraw from Northern Iran as earlier agreed with Western Powers perhaps due to the huge oil resources in the region. In repositioning itself as the main power in Eastern Europe, it started seeking direct route to the Black sea; a passage that would have been beneficial in the event of an outbreak of war with the West. This required that it presses Turkey to grant it access to Bosporus and Dardanelles Strait, something which was unlikely Turkey would accept. Soviet expansion tendencies even grew evident in the Far East where it continued its hold on Manchuria (the most highly industria lized portion of China) despite the surrender of Japan. The Soviet Union also adopted a confrontational stance against the United States, at one point Stalin, the Soviet Leader, perhaps aware of United States sentiments about their expansions remarking that â€Å"conflict with the capitalist West was inevitable† (Watson, Gleek and Grillo 49). The Union had also shown great disinterest in diplomatic efforts by United States to maintain friendly ties in recent post-war treaties and accords.Advertising Looking for essay on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Prior to the World War II the US had â€Å"practiced a policy of isolationism† whereby, it did not actively participate in political affairs outside its boundaries (Watson et al.42). Even after the end of the World War II it did not start to aggressively sell it ideologies to friendly nations. However, it soon became impossible to ignore the growing expansi on of the Soviet bloc. Pressure starting mounting for it to act. In 1946 the media reported that a Soviet ring was working in the United States passing secrete information on nuclear programs to Kremlin. This created and elevated anti-soviet sentiments in the public. The Republicans also became critical of the ruling democrats policies towards the Soviets which they considered ‘soft ’and ineffective (Watson et al. 46). In 1946, The United States sprang to action, withdrawing recognition of the communist Bulgarian government, openly supporting Iran on independence and strengthening ties with Turkey thus setting the stage for confrontation with the Soviet Union (Watson et al, 46). However, what would set off the containment of soviet expansion, and its eventual collapse would follow later. Britain, under Winston Churchill also bore the brutality and ruinous effects of the WWII. At the end of war, it lost all of its vast colonial empire and harvested a dire financial crisi s at home. This made it halt it financial obligations abroad. In the final days before its departure it formally requested the United States to take over the responsibility of Greece whom it had all along supported. At this time, the Greek government was facing a financial crisis and an insurgency from communist groups in the north of the country. It was agreed that the Greek government had to be kept in power. It was feared its fall could have set a bad precedent and negatively impact on adoption of capitalism in the region (Watson et al. 48). In addition, strategic Turkey had also to be economically supported to weaken Soviet infiltration and maintain order in its neighbors (Fried n.pag). Another important development in the build up to the containment policy was a situation-analysis telegram sent from the American ambassador to Moscow, George. F. Keenan. In his telegram Keenan made a strong case for the containment of the growing spread of soviet influence over Europe. These deve lopments presented an opportunity to formally launch a policy offensive against the Soviet Union and on March 12, 1947 President Harry S. Truman, in an address to a joint session of congress, requested for approval of economic aid to Greece and Turkey.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Truman Doctrine specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The speech marked the beginning of the policy of soviet containment. This policy came to be known as the Truman Doctrine and would significantly shape the United States foreign policy for many decades to come. Significance and Impact In his speech, Truman stated that: â€Å"I believe that it must be the policy of the United States to support free people who are resisting attempted subjugation by armed minorities or by outside pressure† (Hollitz 176). This statement has been cited by many as the best indication of the policy which was later adopted and implemented, the polic y of soviet containment. In an apparent reference to Soviet Union, he stated that: â€Å"The†¦ United States has made frequent protests against coercion and intimidation, in violation of the Yalta agreement in Poland, Romania and Bulgaria. I†¦also state that in a number of countries, there have been similar developments† (Hollitz 176). Truman also proposed that the policy be effected through help urging that â€Å"†¦ our help should be primarily through economic and financial aid which is essential to economic stability and political processes† (Hollitz 176). In this respect he requested congress appropriate $400 million for military and economic aid to Turkey and Greece. This was later approved. By acceding to Britain’s request, the US had formally assumed greater role and responsibility in these regions (Pulis 68). It also signified the start and was the basis of United States policy on ‘cold war’ which was characterized by large sc ale espionage activities between the two superpowers that continued late into the 20th century. The Truman Doctrine had many lasting effects. It ushered an era of active involvement of United States in overseas affairs. It led the United States to actively pursue what it considered as vital interests abroad. The policy also completely polarized the world into east and west.Advertising Looking for essay on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The West (United States and Western European nations) practiced and championed democratic system and capitalism. The East (Soviet Unions and its satellite nations) was governed on communism and socialism principles. Legacy The Truman Doctrine has been hailed by many as a success for United States and its allies. Its proponents claim it succeeded in containing the spread of communism to Western Europe (Watson et al). They hold that the economic aid revamped the economies of these nations leading to peace and stability that is still enjoyed to date and that this was achieved without direct military intervention. This has been attributed to massive economic aid under The Marshall Plan, which some believe was â€Å"simply an extension of the Truman Doctrine† (Pozuelo-Monfort 221). They also point out that the policy also contributed to the eventual disintegration and fall of other only other superpower, USSR (Fried). The doctrine, to a large extend, also entrenched United States involvement in world affairs and buried centuries of policies of isolationism.It also significantly contributed to the US emerging as only superpower after the 1989 collapse of the Soviet Union and as the â€Å"leader of the free world† (Pulis 69). David Fried, assistant secretary of state for European and Eurasian Affairs on the 60th anniversary of the Truman Doctrine wrote that it â€Å"cemented the promotion of democracy [and] in terms of human freedom and dignity, †¦ represents perhaps the most successful foreign policy initiative undertaken by the United States† Critism Opponents of the doctrine have claimed that it did not leave up to its promises of freeing the oppressed from totalitarian regimes. They cite cases where the United States supported anticommunist but openly tyrannical regimes in Philippines, Indonesia, Iran Nicaragua, Iran and Iraq (Briley n.pag). They also claim that the doctrine â€Å"set the precedence of using troubled nations as pawns in a gigantic context of will with the Soviet Union† (Pulis, 69). Others have termed it as simply a calculated move to â€Å"dictate the domestic politics of foreign nations† (Watson et.al 49). It has also been alleged that the anti-communism goal of the doctrine led to the ‘Cold War’ and wars in Korea and Vietnam that only served to create and â€Å"elevate global resentment towards the United States† (Briley n.pag). Conclusion The implementation of Truman Doctrine policy certainly was without blemish. However, its overall outcome has years later, proved more beneficial to the world. Today much of the world enjoys peace and stability thanks to simple but strong statements outlined by a bold leader more than half century ago. It should serve as a good example that the potential effects of a presidential doctrine of a powerful nation should never be taken lightly. It may greatly influence foreign policies for many years to come. Work Cited Briley, Ron. â€Å"Mixed Legacy of the Truman Doctrine†. Milestonedocuments.com. Schlager Group, 29 Mar.2010.Web.23 Apr.2011. Fried, Daniel.†Enduring Legacy†. NYtimes.com.New York Times Company, 12 Mar.2007. Web. Hollitz, John. Contending Voices: Since1865 (vol 2).3rd ed. Stamford: Cengage Learning, 2010.Print. Pozuelo-Monfort, Jaime. New Architecture of Capitalism.Hoboken: John Wiley and Sons. 2010. Print. Pulis, Fred. Impact and Legacy Years. 1941, 1947, 1968.Bloomington: Traford Publishing, 2007.Print. Watson, P Robert, Charles Gleek and Micheal Grillo. Presidential Doctrines: National Security from Woodrow Wilson to George W.Bush. New York: Nova Publisher, 2003. Web. This essay on The Truman Doctrine was written and submitted by user Joslyn Carver to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here. The truman doctrine

College Essay Help Online

College Essay Help Online College Essay Help Online If you are applying for admission in to university this year or applying for higher studies, the chances are that you are going to need some solid college essay help.A college application essay is usually of around 500 words and it is really your only chance (apart from the interview-if there is one)- to tell the admissions committee why you are the ideal candidate for admission in to your chosen course and why. Are you looking for free college admission essays? Do you want to know how to write good college essays? Get college entrance essay outline for free at our site! We provide professional college essay help for students online! Custom college application essay written by professional writer wins attention of the readers immediately! Some colleges offer you the freedom to zero in on yourself to discuss your dreams, values and achievements Other colleges may specify that your college essay should center around a particular incident, theory or book. Your Choice of Essay Matters Choosing topic B over topic A can tell the admissions committee so much about yourself. You obviously prefer one choice over the other due to the kind of person you are; so if you are looking for somecollege essay help let me tell you that the choice of a college application essay also plays a crucial role in your assessment. It is not only the content, but the way in which you present it. What ever you write in your college application essay should showcase your ability to persuade, organize and lucidly write about your chosen topic. What and How What you prefer: Are you artistic or do you have a scientific bent of mind? This will clearly be reflected in the choice of essay. E.g. If you choose to write an essay on Michael Angelo then you are obviously a creative person. If you choose to write about Air Pressure then you quite obviously have a scientific bent of mind. What you believe How you think: your choice also offers college essay helpby indicating the type of person you are to the admissions committee. You must let them know you are an organized, hardworking and sincere person. If you make a point and leave it hanging while jumping to another unrelated sentence then this will show that you are a confused thinker. A more organized thinking pattern shows that you are dependable and methodical. Read also: Human Rights Law Business Essay Good Essay Example of Argumentative Essay Essay Term Paper on Doing Business in China Concept Paper

Cross-cultural management Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Cross-cultural management - Assignment Example Others have also become economically successful after venturing into business activities. Most of the earlier Lebanese immigrants who came to Australia were Christians though this has changed in recent years with more Muslims immigrating to the country (Mansour, 2010). According to reports, the 2006 Australian census revealed that the number of Lebanese Australians living in the country stood at 125, 564 people. Out of this number, 52.5% of the population were comprised of males whereas the remaining 47.5% were comprised of females. These people are mostly found in the states of Victoria (20%) or New South Wales (75%) (Chapman, 2007). Results, Findings and Discussion There are various concepts that may help in understanding the relationships that exist within the Lebanese groups living within Australia. A few Lebanese Australians stick to the concepts of individualism which imply that they either act on their own or decide on their choices alone (Jamal & Chandab, 2005). According to previous reports, these Lebanese Australians also interact with other members of their community as though they were individuals (Mansour, 2010). On the other hand, the majority of the Lebanese Australians follow the notions of collectivism. They usually stand by the values and principles upheld by the groups they interact with and leave their individual values out of these groups (Aslan, 2009). The concepts of collectivism that are followed by most Lebanese immigrants have many disadvantages for this CALD (Culturally and linguistically diverse) community (Hage, 2002). These concepts do not allow a Lebanese individual to pursue his own desires and they also destroy the group’s ability of making proper ethical judgments. The issues of collectivism among the Lebanese have also been discouraged since they encourage vices like racism among their workers who may be working in culturally diverse organizations. This is mainly because they do not mix with people from other cultures a s they work (Mansour, 2010). The Lebanese Australians, following the concepts of collectivism, think as groups and do not have time to socialize and appreciate the diverse values and beliefs that other cultures have (Hage, 2002). This tendency may eventually reduce the productivity and efficiency of their workers thereby reducing a company’s profitability (Jamal & Chandab, 2005). In Australia, there are many linguistically and culturally diverse communities that work within their organizations. These communities have different values, attitudes and beliefs, which therefore implies that they have many differences among them (Mansour, 2010). The formation of groups by the Lebanese Australians prevents them from socializing with other communities and the lack of communication eventually tends to create animosities between these workers. This is mainly because none of them seems to understand or appreciate the differences that exist in their different cultures or backgrounds (Hag e, 2002). According to previous studies, most of the current crop of Lebanese Australians are very well educated and have professional jobs (Jamal and Chandab, 2005). However, there are other native communities that live within Australia and are not as well educated as they are. In order for the

Prestressed Concrete Beam Test Lab Report Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Prestressed Concrete Beam Test - Lab Report Example All the beams were pretension concrete beams and they were cast through a precast beam that was manufactured on 6 September 2014. The tension stress was big enough but it seems to have reduced from the initial one and this could be due to elastic loss or friction. The flexural tensile strength was less than the tensile stress. Basing on the results the experimental loads were a bit lower than the theoretical loads, this could be due to experimental errors during the experiment that includes wrong measurement, inaccurate equipment etc. The stress is zero on the neutral axis and this is seen when t pass through the centroid. After adding compressive stress to the bending stress, the stress is decreased everywhere and the neutral axis tends to move away from the centroid, the movement will be towards the tensile edge. There is a possibility for the neutral axis to extend beyond the edge. The results will as well indicate the fatigue resistance in the given prestressed concrete beams as well as any advanced warnings related to the failure. Basically, it is recognized that warnings are indicated and provided by the increasing crack widening and deflection before the failure happens.Snapping of stressed tendons. One should never stand at the end of the beam. Protective screens and warnings signs need to be in position. The experiment objective was met despite a big difference in values between the practical and theoretical values. The properties of the concrete were obtained from the standard sample tests.

The Pantheon as an Architectural Success Essay Example for Free

The Pantheon as an Architectural Success Essay The Roman Pantheon is the most preserved building in Rome despite all the additions and restorations to its original form. The original Pantheon was built in 27 BC by Marcus Agrippa after the conclusion of the Battle of Actium. The monolithic structure seen in Rome today, however, is no longer the original Pantheon from Agrippa’s time. The 27 BC Pantheon burned down in the historic fire of 80 AD and was completely reconstructed by Emeperor Hadrian in 125 AD with the present day structure. Hadrian, however, attributed the construction to the mind behind the original Pantheon as attested to by the inscription on the portico Hadrian left on the building itself, â€Å"Marcus Agrippa, son of Lucius, in his third consulate, made it.† (Ward-Perkins, 111).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The Pantheon continues to amaze thousands of individuals daily. Tourists as well as Roman locals are held enchanted by the buildings faà §ade and dome. The interest stirred up by the Pantheon, however, doesn’t involve just tourists and curious eyes of onlookers. The architectural accomplishment that is the Pantheon has evoked many debates and researches as to its resilience to weathering and time. The Pantheon is a wonder of the modern world, a success story that continues to urge minds of the academe to unlock its secrets. This paper intends to delve into the more physical aspect of the Pantheon and unearth the factors that contribute to the greatness of the structure’s architectural design and composition.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The Pantheon exemplifies the best of what the Roman architectural revolution put forth during the first century. The Pantheon has within its frame some of the most advanced innovations Roman architects of the first century could provide. Its construction was made possible through the development and utilization of a new type of expert concrete that is now known as Roman concrete. Roman concrete allowed for buildings and architectural structures that were more curvilinear in form. This is most evident in the Pantheon’s configuration (Mark Hutchinson, 24).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Roman concrete used material that was very similar to the material used today in making concrete. The difference is seen in the way the Romans utilized these materials. The basic technique employed in Roman construction at that time consisted of only a few steps. First, a semi-fluid substance of lime, pozzolan, and small stones are poured in. Then a layer of stones is put on top this mixture. A second batch of the semi-fluid substance is then poured over which another layer of stones are placed. This technique is generally accepted by those studying Roman architecture. Debate continues, however, regarding the placement of the mortar on whether it was poured or tamped (Herring, 14).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Roman pozzolan-based concrete proved to be advantageous because of the extra aspects it added to the possibilities of design which were not available with lime mortar. One of these aspects is the fact that Roman pozzolan-based concrete did not need to be dried out for them to set. Roman concrete would set even when immersed. These would also cool relatively faster than lime mortar and had an added factor of increasing compressive strength, although tensile strength was low. (Mainstone, 25)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The pozzolan base of Roman concrete, however, was not the only factor that made this material superior to all others available during the time of construction of the Pantheon. There were three other factors that played into the excellence of Roman concrete. Romans were very skilled in choosing the best quality of lime for the concrete. It was essential for them to ensure that only the best quality of materials went in to creating their concrete. The early Roman construction workers were also strict in enforcing that the same relative amounts of materials went into the concrete production process. This was to ensure that the concrete they produced would always have the same first-rate quality. The ratio of water mixed with the cement material was also monitored. The Romans made sure that water was minimal in the mixture. The process of placing and compaction of the mortar was also perfected, ensuring that almost no spaces were present in the aggregate. This was to ensure that the structure for which the concrete was being used would attain the highest possible strength and therefore be one that would last under weathering and other corrosive factors (Herring, 16).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The construction of the Pantheon was not a simple task. The yard, from which the blocks used to construct the structure, was located 800 meters away from the actual site of the Pantheon. Delivery of the blocks from the building yard to the construction site must have required many laborers. The distance, however, may have also been counterbalanced by the Tiber River via which most of the blocks must have been shipped. With all the work involved in the construction of the Pantheon, it is certain that care and skill were essential in the construction. Only with extra caution and true skill could a monument such as the Pantheon truly stand and outlast its makers. (Hasselberg, 88)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Understanding the material which contributed to the strength of the Pantheon is only the first step in understanding the might of its design. Certainly, the Roman Pantheon has lasted the test of time and has undergone the weathering of ages due to the Roman concrete with which it was built. And certainly the Romans ability to come up with a plan for this construction and to follow through with these plans through careful execution and skillful craftsmanship added to this architectural success. However, the monolithic structure has continued on as a great architectural feat through time not only because of its durability but also because of its monumental design. The well-renowned painter of the ceiling of the Sistine chapel, Michelangelo, was one of the many people whose amazement and love for the arts were drawn forth by the Pantheon. He is known to have once described the building as having an â€Å"Angelic and not human design†, a design attributable to the competence and expertise of the ancient Romans (Lugli, 1). The Pantheon’s interior is one of the most concrete examples for the beauty and angelic appeal of the building. The first and most conspicuous aspect of the Pantheon’s interior that invites its visitor to exclaim in wonder is not the walls or ceiling but rather the amount of space that welcomes all to take a step inside. Roman architecture considered space to be something more than just a gap between two objects. Rather, space was considered as a concrete object, as something with volume, with equal weight as the human body. The Pantheon provides modern-day proof of the Roman architects need to place room and make space in the architectural designs of the buildings constructed at that time (Semes, C1.1). The extensive space seen in the Pantheon is not complete to be considered as remarkable if left by itself. It must always be considered with relation to a context, the structures forming the boundary of that space. It is then essential for the Roman architects to ensure that the walls and domed ceiling of the Pantheon will do well to complement the space they wish to portray in the building (Semes, C1.2). In the case of the Pantheon, Roman architects chose a round shape to serve as a boundary of the space within the interior of the Pantheon. The circular shape adds to a feeling that the Pantheon’s interior is indeed spacious. The Pantheon’s walls are ordered by an array of extravagant structures such as the building’s columns, lintels, niches, doorways, and of course the wall itself seen between the earlier mentioned structures. The structures involved in the Pantheon’s walls were not only varied in type but were also varied in terms of the subtypes. The additions to the wall were formed into varying shapes, thus forming subtypes, to add to the intricacy of the beauty of the Pantheon’s interior (Semes, C1.2). Take a moment now to scrutinize one of these features which exists as an aspect of the design of the Pantheon celebrated by contemporary architects as a link to early architectural concepts of beauty. This is seen in the three basic dimensions of the Pantheon’s wall. These three dimensions include the diameter of the columns, the space between each column, and the height of the columns. These dimensions are in the ratio of 1:2:9.5 in the Pantheon. Hermogenes, a popular architect during the Hellenistic age, considered these dimensions and ratio to be the makings of a perfect faà §ade. Vitruvius, the engineer during the 1st century in Rome, is most likely the one to bring to life through the Pantheon the concepts introduced by Hermogenes (Hasselberg, 89).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The round wall contains many niches as well creating an impression of the wall containing numerous chambers at different levels. These niches contain some of the most reputable men of the Western world including kings of Italy, popes, and famous painters such as Raphael. All niches as well as openings in the wall are framed by an arch of bricks which serve more than just beautification purposes. These arches add to the support of the wall above the openings and niches and were called relieving arches because of this feature. These arches only went so far as the wall and did not invade the Pantheon’s dome. Creating structural support through the use of relieving arches was very common with Roman architects during the time the Pantheon was built (Lugli, 30). Roman architects showed their prowess by the careful placement of these structures, the columns, the lintels, the niches, the doorways, and the wall itself. They alternated solid structures with spaces creating an interaction between the two which worked to increase the Pantheon’s appeal as an architectural masterpiece. The differing shapes in the structures, therefore, did not give a sense of disorder but rather an overall impression of organization in the face of diversity. The walls and its complementing features thus give an observer’s eyes a feast both as individual pieces and as an integrated whole (Semes, C1.2). One of the most acclaimed features of the Pantheon is its domed ceiling. It is celebrated world-wide for its being built. The Romans were known for their addition of arches in their structures. The creation of the Roman Pantheon’s domed ceiling gives evidence to the development of the Roman architectural concept of arches. Roman architecture evolved to improve the concept of the arch, modifying it and making it more complex with the resulting structure of a dome. The Roman concrete based on pozzolan is acknowledged by many to be the reason for the Roman architects’ success in building a domed ceiling. At the time, the new form of concrete made the construction of the ceiling an accomplishable feat. Lime mortar would not have been an easy material to use in the construction of the Pantheon’s ceiling, thus the use of the new pozzolan-based concrete, which had many features of modern Portland concrete, contributed greatly to the monumental task of building the dome-shaped ceiling. However, there are those who believe that although the concrete is one of the main factors involved in the dome’s success, it is not the only factor. Robert Mark and Paul Hutchinson believe that the concentric stepped rings placed in the outer surface of the Pantheon dome add to the success of the ceiling (26). It is believed that the steven step rings helped to bring stability to the entire structure of the Pantheon by adding to the compression of the structure. This is evidenced by the oculus at the center of the dome which serves as a compression ring. The positioning of the ring or oculus effectively distributes the compression of the structure about this point. The compression ring attests to the skill of the Roman architects and engineers. They not only had the skill and knowledge required to create the colossal Pantheon but they also had the expertise and comprehension of modern engineering to create it in such a way that it would remain standing as a solid and stable structure for a long time.   Many of the imitations of the Pantheon add such stepped rings to the dome of their derivative structures probably for the same purpose of stability and compression. The dome was also a successful architectural feat with the help of the coffering. Coffering is the placing of sunken panels of different shapes in accordance with the structures in the ceiling. This serves aesthetic purposes as well as reinforces structural strength. The dome’s underside was also made stronger with the use of lightweight aggregate in the upper part of the building’s edifice. The aggregate was of lower density than the aggregate used in the lower parts of the building such as the walls, floor and columns. It is evident then that a lot of though went into the creation of the Pantheon’s dome (Mark Huthcinson, 26). Because of the addition of an oculus in the domed ceiling, the Pantheon provides a perfect example of an architect’s use of light to emphasize the appearance of space. The Pantheon’s dome has an oculus or opening in the middle which makes a circular form across the Pantheon’s interior, the floor and the walls. Sunlight streams in through the open oculus and gives an enchanting chiaroscuro effect, a term indicating the alternating effect of light and dark, via the columns and niches in the room (Semes, C1.2). The shadows created by the columns and niches plays with the light coming in from the oculus to create the effect of irregular but successive alternations of brightness agains darkness. However, a simple addition of an opening in a spacious room is not enough to create such a marvel as the Pantheon’s interior. There must always be the consideration of the features within the structure’s interior and how these features would interact with the light. The different materials used in the construction of the Pantheon add to the mystery created by the illumination entering from the opening in the dome’s oculus. The classical interior welcomes the streaming in of light from the sun or perhaps even from the moon. The walls, the columns, the niches and even the arches add to the effect given by the streaming glow from above. The marbles with all its colors, the golden gleams from the ornaments, allow for the light to play inside the Pantheon and create different effects (Semes, C1.2). The columns in the Pantheon’s interior are created with different types of marble. Those in the lower zone are of a material called giallo antico. This is a type of marble that is of a yellowish-orange color. Some of the other columns in the lower zone are made of marble with an off-white color streaked with reddish-purple hues, called pavonazzo. The walls and floor are covered with marble of white, green, and green-gray colors. Although it may seem to one who has not seen the Pantheon up close that these colors would clash and cause quite an unattractive display of shades, this is not the case in the Pantheon. The architects and engineers of the Pantheon were so skilled that even in the mixing of these hues; the Pantheon creates a sense of intricate beauty and intimate splendor. These add to the attraction of the Pantheon’s interior for visiting tourists and even for the locals. The colors are so well balanced that the interior creates a sense of energy and of unity despite the variation (Semes, C1.2). The Pantheon lends this energy to its visitors, encapsulating them in its color-induced aura once they step inside the great structure’s walls. The Pantheon came to be used for different purposes, attesting to the flexibility of its architectural design. Historians speculate that the Pantheon may have been initially used as a dedication to the Roman gods and goddesses worshipped by many at that time. It may also have served an astrological purpose which may have been the reason for the oculus or hole at the rooftop of the Pantheon. The structure continued to served as a church in 608, as a funerary afterwards, and as a place where the busts of artists not laid to rest in the Pantheon were placed (Howell, 34). The end of the Roman civilization signaled the replacement of Roman architectural design. The Dark Ages was a time of little growth in architectural design but new architecture was conceptualized by the succeeding Renaissance minds. If not for structures such as the Pantheon, Roman architecture would have been all but forgotten. Today, many historians, architects and researchers continue to study the Pantheon to try and uncover the secrets lost during the downfall of the Roman Empire. It provides modern architects are now returning to the foundations of classical architecture and the Pantheon is a treasure trove of knowledge regarding classical design. The Pantheon provides these architects with aspects of classical design that are no longer visible in modern structures. It is clear that the Pantheon continues to be a legacy of the skill and capabilities of the Roman architects who made it (Semes, C1.2). Works Cited Lugli, G. â€Å"The Pantheon and Adjacent Structures.† Rome: Giovanni Bardi Publisher, 1971 Hasselberg, Lothar. â€Å"Deciphering a Roman Blueprint.† Scientific American 272 (1995): 84-89 Herring, Ben. â€Å"The Secrets of Roman Concrete.† Constructor Magazine September 2002:13-16 Howell, Peter. â€Å"Pantheons: Transformations of a Monumental Idea.† Apollo Magazine September 2005: 33-36 Mainstone, Rowland. â€Å"Letter On the Structure of the Roman Pantheon.† The Art Bulletin 68 (1986): 673-674 Mark, Robert, and Paul Hutchinson. â€Å"On the Structure of the Roman Pantheon.† The Art Bulletin 68 (1986): 24-34 Semes, Steven. â€Å"Pantheon Inside.† Architecture Week 254 (2005): C1.1-C1.2 Ward-Perkins, J.B. â€Å"Roman Imperial Architecture.† New York: Penguin Books, 1985