Doubt over Tunisian 'Martyr' who Triggered Revolution Article

Doubt over Tunisian 'Martyr' who Triggered Revolution - Article Example This research tells that a revolution process has always been bloody and it has kept the tradition in the Middle East too, especially Libya, where government-backed crimes have been gruesome enough to cross borders and become an international security concern. â€Å"According to an independent survey, civilians - including children - have been murdered, tortured and sexually assaulted†. The weaker majority, in all the Middle Eastern countries, has come under the wrath of unjust dictators, who had still not had enough of power. Security forces are killing the unarmed people upon the higher orders. The situation is of concern for the whole world and the concern is personified in Arab league’s economic threats to Libya. Revolution is in the air of Middle East now and a majority of public and youngsters are determined to stand against the stronger minority of governments. It is shocking to know that even in the 21st century; there are places like Tunisia where people would commit suicide because they are desperate to be heard and to be taken notice of. The centuries-old suppression is showing itself in full bloom throughout the Middle East yet the authorities are showing no justice whatsoever. The purpose is right and justified and people of Middle Eastern countries like, Libya and Tunisia, have every right to raise their voices but it will not happen without undue interruptions like Security forces crimes against the public in Libya and Total denial of justice to Mohammad Bouazizi. Damascus receives an economic embargo as a result of its unlawful killings of public and denial of democracy in the country. â€Å"The foreign minister of the country declares it a war against Damascus†. Damascus is trying to demonstrate a false image by showing public rallies in favor of the government through national media but the world is aware of this old trick. Whereas it has been an open show of intolerance in Syria, we see that in Tunisia individuals have be come prey to the undignified wrath of Ben-Ali.

Gambling in guyana is a benefit to the society Essay Example for Free

Gambling in guyana is a benefit to the society Essay I support the argument that gambling in Guyana is a benefit to the society. When I say gambling, I refer to legal gambling. I acknowledge that gambling can become an addictive activity on a personal basis and can lead one to bankruptcy. At the same time I believe that Guyanese should be given the freedom of choice to determine how they spend their money and what decisions are best for them. Some argue that gambling is bad for our society since it makes one addicted to it as with drugs. I totally disagree since unlike drugs, gambling is not physically but is physiologically addictive. The Guyana lottery, established in 1997, is deemed a legal form of gambling by the laws of Guyana. The lottery involves playing various games of chance with the hope of earning fast tax free cash. In an interview with Tracey Lewis, the lottery company’s general manager, she stated that the company provides direct employment for 34 persons and business opportunities for approximately 80 retail agents. She also stated that the company has earned over $4. 5 billion in revenue for our country to date. From the facts given, can one really argue that a company that has done so much and is continuing to do much more is not beneficial for Guyana? I highly doubt that since this company has made it possible for many Guyanese to be employed and also has donated significantly to our already struggling economy. The Gambling Prevention Law which was amended in 2007 legalized the establishment of casinos locally. The Casino provides a means of employment to many Guyanese and also is a source of revenue since the Casino owners are compelled to pay tax. The Casino Act states that the only people who can gamble at the casino are international tourists and locals who are guests at the hotel. One may argue that gambling in casinos will make more Guyanese bankrupt. This can easily be refuted since the legislation only permit locals staying at the hotels to access the facility. In an interview with a receptionist at the Princess Hotel in Guyana, she claimed that about 99% of the guests at the hotel were foreigners. This clearly shows that it is highly unlikely that locals will become bankrupt from gambling at the casino since they are not usually guests there. The legislation permits only gambling in newly built hotels with a minimum of 250 rooms. Thus, this opened the doors for foreign investors to invest in new hotels here which will in turn create employment opportunities. How can providing employment, tourism and revenue via a legal means be considered harmful to Guyana? In conclusion, legal gambling is greatly needed in a country like Guyana which is considered a third world country. According to www. cia. gov, Guyana has a debt of USD$1. 234 billion. Thus, legal gambling is a source of earning foreign currency which in turn can assist in settling our debts and developing our country. These are a few reasons why I support the argument that gambling in Guyana is a benefit to our society.

Restraint in Joseph Conrads Heart of Darkness Essay -- Heart Darkness

     Ã‚   "Restraint! I would have just as soon expected restraint from a hyena prowling amongst the corpses of a battle," comments Marlow as he questions why the hungry cannibals aboard his steamer hadn't gone for the white crew members (Conrad 43). "The glimpse of the steamboat . . . filled those savages with unrestrained grief," Marlow explains after recalling the cries of the natives seeing the steamer amidst a brief fog lift (Conrad 44). "Poor fool! He had no restraint, no restraint . . .a tree swayed by the wind," speaks Marlow of a slain helmsman amidst an attack by tribal savages (Conrad 52). "Mr. Kurtz lacked restraint in the gratification of his various lusts," says Marlow a few moments after he tells of his first glimpse of severed human heads fixed atop posts at the Inner Station (Conrad 58). Restraint. The word is used time and time again throughout the text. Acknowledging restraint and the lack thereof in characters as the story progresses in Joseph Conrad's Heart of Darkness is paramount to any understanding of the work. The storyteller Marlow first believes that restraint is what separates civilization from chaos and society from savagery. As his journey into the heart of darkness progresses, however, he learns that such a conclusion is rash, and that there is far more to the matter than simply that. Literary critic Cedric Watts comments upon the ambiguity of the title of Heart of Darkness. In Watts' view, the phrase can mean both "the center of a dark" and "the heart which has the quality of being dark (54). This question regarding the title's meaning can have an answer when one considers restraint. Restraint goes hand in hand with rationality, which is associated with the brain. Lack of restraint can, ... .... New York: Penguin, 1999. Print. D'Avanzo, Mario. "Conrad's Motley as an Organizing Metaphor." Heart of Darkness. Edited by Robert Kimbrough. New York: Norton & Company, Inc., 1971. 251-253. Henrikson, Bruce. "Heart of Darkness and the Gnostic Myth." Joseph Conrad's Heart of Darkness: Modern Critical Interpretations. Edited by Harold Bloom. New York: Chelsea House Publishers, 1986. 45-56. Joseph Conrad. 2012. Web 6 Nov. 2013. http://www.kirjasto.sci.fi/jconrad.htm. Ong,Walter J. "Truth in Conrad's Darkness." Joseph Conrad's Heart of Darkness and The Secret Sharer. Edited by Harold Bloom. Broomall: Chelsea House Publishers, 1996. 59-62. Watts, Cedric. "Conrad's Heart of Darkness: A Critical and Contextual Discussion." Joseph Conrad's Heart of Darkness and The Secret Sharer. Edited by Harold Bloom. Broomall: Chelsea House Publishers, 1996. 54-56.

Integrated research Essay

Introduction A family comprises of mother, father, children, grandparents and others united together by blood or adoption. A family results from a marriage. Family structures are built through marriage and that is why it is said that proper marriages lead to proper families . The family functions that are outlined in marriage settings are almost similar and that the challenges that are experienced in the marriage are those challenges that will eventually impact negatively on the family. This research will outline various challenges that marriage as a practical identity possesses and their eventual implications in the family. Marriage Marriage can be defined as the interpersonal relationship between most commonly a man and woman who are united legally via social, religious are or governmental recognition. There are different types of marriages; †¢ Arranged marriages-this is where marriage partners are chosen by the society e. g. monarchies †¢ Boston marriage-marriage between two partners not necessarily for sex e. g. between two women. †¢ Common-law marriage- involves a class of interpersonal status where people united by a common believe on marriage law marry on that basis †¢ Digital marriage-a kind of marriage where two people with no connection in their ‘gaming’ lives come together within a virtual community and declare that they are married †¢ Covenant marriage- in this case two people come together as partners in union and make a long life commitment for the marriage. Divorce is made more difficult here. In some jurisdictions, the legal concept of marriage has been recently expanded to emerging social beliefs such as same sex marriages. Marriages are considered part and parcel human stage of life and most people believe that at one point in their lives they should get married. People marry for different reasons ranging from; to achieve social and economic stability, to have and nurture children, to form a family unit and finally to legitimize sexual relations. Marriage is considered the main factor and the pillar of a family. Better families result from better marriages as the people involved are given enough guidance to form the next generation of the family. The persons in the family learn good values and teachings from their parents hence this will ensure that any subsequent marriages are strong and stable. Contemporary critics also suggest that modern marriages have become extremely very disadvantageous for women. When it comes to economic or social considerations, women do not compare with women. Contrastingly, the continued bias towards women will mean that in the near future, mean will be on the other side of the fence-where women were in the last century. This is evident from the fact that modern policies and divorce laws have been specifically designed to protect women. However, with the emergence of same sex rights, the situation will be more complicated due to the legal prohibitions and social taboos that deny the practices full recognition. Loss Loss of one of the marriage partner leads to termination of the marriage . Loss may result form death, divorce or any other factor that will mean that one of them is left alone. This is usually disastrous for the family setting where one parent or spouse is left alone to meet all the family requirements, in a case where the children still young and need to be taken care in terms of education provision, health, love, shelter etc. Grief usually results from loss and it is very various legal systems and societal family arrangements offer different legal directions and guidance on handling properties (finances, assets etc. ) developed by the couple incase one dies or incase of a divorce. Some cultures believe that both the wife and the husband are entitled to equal property rights. Other societies also prohibit children especially the girls from inheriting the family’s assets including land. A widow may also lose family property if she decides to remarry. Partners in a marriage are jointly responsible and liable for the debts of the marriage practice and therefore if there is any misunderstanding on the responsibility of the same, then, it might be solved on an individual basis. The era of the myth ‘doctrine of necessities’ where the husband remains the sole provider for the family is gone. Today, all partners in the marriage share responsibilities equally depending on the income generation level of each.

Nestle Market Research

Introduction In this research work the company chosen is Nestle. We have tried to cover the brief history of the company, vision, mission and objectives of the company. This brief history and other sub heading under company background is compulsory to be understood and researched well as they form the basis for marketing plan of the company. We have also tried to cover the internal and external environments for the company and countries for its future rowth and further marketing planning strategy Analysis 1. Nestle Worldwide 1. 1. Overview of Nestle All over the planet, people know Nestle. Nestle is a Swiss multinational nutritional and health-related consumer goods company headquartered in Vevey, Switzerland. It is the largest food company in the world measured by revenues among the world's 40 largest corporations. Nestle was founded in 1867 by Henri Nestle. Its international R;amp;D network supports the products made in more than 500 factories in 86 countries.The Nestle factories a re operating in the region of: 1. Africa 2. America 3. Asia 4. Europe 5. Oceania Being a company dedicated to food from the beginning, Nestle remains sensitive to culinary and eating habits, and responds to specific nutritional problems, whilst also setting and matching new trends such as growing out-of-home consumption and caring about the well being of its consumers Nestle’s Philosophy: Good Food, Good Life is the very essence of Nestle and this philosophy can be traced back to our beginnings. 1. 2. Nestle’s VisionThe Nestle global vision is to be the leading Company in health, wellness and nutrition in the world. In particular, they envision to: * Meet the needs of consumers of every age group from infancy to old age, for nutrition and pleasure, through development of a large variety of food categories of the highest quality. * Lead an extremely motivated and professionally trained workforce, which would drive growth through innovation and renovation. * Deliver shar eholder value through profitable long-term growth, while continuing to play a significant and responsible role in the ocial, economic and environmental sectors of the country. s * Nestle brands are the preferred choice in their categories. Consumer insight drives all aspects of Nestle’s marketing and communication efforts. 1. 3. Nestle’s Mission Nestle’s mission, in the words of our founder Henri Nestle, is: â€Å"Nestle is dedicated to providing the best foods to people throughout their day, throughout their lives, throughout the world. With our unique experience of anticipating consumers' needs and creating solutions, Nestle contributes to your well-being and enhances your quality of life. 1. 4. Nestle’s Objectives Nestle’s objectives are to be recognized as a leading, competitive, Nutrition, Health and Wellness Company trusted by all its stakeholders, and to be the reference for financial performance in its industry. Its chief objectives are: * To achieve compatibility with international voluntary standards on environmental management systems. * To build mutual trust with consumers, governmental authorities and business partners. * To ensure continuous improvement of Nestles environmental performance. Conservation of natural resources and minimization of waste. * Total compliance with the laws. * To establish the benchmark for good business practice. * Employing new technologies and processing. By committing to resources, both human and financial. Measuring the cost and benefits to business of its activities 1. 5. Product mix of Nestle Baby foods| Cerelac, Gerber, Gerber Graduates, NaturNes, Nestum| Bottled water| Nestle Pure Life, Perrier, Poland Spring, S.Pellegrino| Cereals| Chocapic, Cini Minis, Cookie Crisp, Estrelitas, Fitness, Nesquik Cereal| Chocolate & Confectionery| Aero, Butterfinger, Cailler, Crunch, Kit Kat, Orion, Smarties, Wonka| Coffee | Nescafe, Nescafe 3 in 1, Nescafe Cappuccino, Nescafe Classic, Nes cafe Decaff, Nescafe Dolce Gusto, Nescafe Gold, Nespresso| Culinary,chilled and frozen food| Buitoni, Herta, Hot Pockets, Lean Cuisine, Maggi, Stouffer's, Thomy| Dairy | Carnation, Coffee-Mate, La Laitiere, Nido| Drinks | Juicy Juice, Milo, Nesquik, Nestea|Food service| Chef, Chef-Mate, Maggi, Milo, Minor’s, Nescafe, Nestea, Sjora, Lean Cuisine, Stouffer's| Healthcare nutrition| Boost, Nutren Junior, Peptamen, Resource| Ice cream| Dreyer’s, Extreme, Haagen-Dazs, Movenpick, Nestle Ice Cream| Pet care| Alpo, Bakers Complete, Beneful, Cat Chow, Chef Michael’s Canine Creations, Dog Chow, Fancy Feast, Felix, Friskies, Gourmet, Purina, Purina ONE, Pro Plan| Sports nutrition| Power Bar| Weight management| Jenny Craig| 2. Environment of Nestle 2. 1.Internal business environment 2. 1. 1 Managers Nestle Company is a decentralized organization that organized according to matrix structure. Nestle Company as a decentralized organization allows its subordinate organizations t o enjoy a relatively high-level of autonomy. Although it still makes major strategy decisions at the headquarter level, daily operations are left up to subordinate organizations to derive and implement. The responsibility for operating decisions is pushed down to local units.Nestle has a strong top management team which runs on strong values and principles of the company. The efficient top management of the company is able to run finance, operation, marketing, logistics, sales, and research and development departments with great success which ultimately leads to the fulfillment of the goal of the organization. Senior members are of diverse origins and backgrounds. * Board of Directors The Board of Directors is the ultimate governing body of the Company. It is responsible for the ultimate supervision of the Group.The Board attends to all matters which are not reserved for the Annual General Meeting or another governance body of the Company by law, the Articles of Association or speci fic regulations issued by the Board of Directors. * Chairman The Chairman has the right to represent the organization to implement the company’s rights and obligations, take responsibility to the law and the owners of the organization about the rights and duties are assigned, strategizing development plans of the company and organization those through the decision of the Board. CEO The Board of Directors delegates to the CEO, with the authorization to sub delegate, the power to manage the Company’s and the Group are business, subject to law, the Articles of Association and the Regulations of the Board of Directors. The CEO chairs the Executive Board and delegates to its members individually the powers necessary for carrying out their responsibilities, within the limits fixed in the Executive Board’s Regulations. 2. 1. 2. EmployeesThe Nestle team comprises around 328,000 employees, 29% are based in Europe, 33. 6% in the Americas and 37. 4% in Asia, Oceania and Af rica. Their challenge is to combine strategic corporate leadership with strong, responsive local leadership to achieve consistent high levels of performance and corporate responsibility across their business Nestle has a rich working culture which motivates its employees to serve best to its customers with the help of the variety present in their product range.Nestle has included the benefits of the employees in the goal statement of the organization as the management of the company strongly believe that the productivity, quality and the dependability will reflect on the product only if the employees take care of all these factors. Different departments of the company work to contribute in the growth of the organization and these departments not only keep the customer's needs and demand in mind but also keep the same type of attention for the internal customers of Nestle.The company believes if the internal market of the company is fully satisfied, the internal market will be able t o serve to its customers and able to understand their needs and able to manufacture the products which can fulfill these needs 2. 2. External environment 2. 2. 1. Customers The immediate customers of Nestle are retail and grocery stores which provide the products of the company to the end customers at a reasonable price and a reasonable profit.The end customers of Nestle are the consumers who consume its wide range of product. The company has a bright brand image in its big pool of end customers. Nestle has an extensive marketing network to figure out the target customers, it has marketing specialist to understand the market place and the customer needs, secondly to is spending a lot to figure out the customer’s preferences regarding the substitutes of its products in order to bring the customers on board and retain them.Nestle has an extensive market share, due to the reason that its customers are brand loyal and do not compromise over quality and same is the case with the c ompany’s quality assurance (QA) team. One of the principle strategies that Nestle utilizes is to produce differentiated products for each age group in order to get a high market share and preferences over others. 2. 2. 2. Suppliers Suppliers provide the resources like labor and material resources to produce goods and services. They add to customer overall value delivery system.Labor supplies include handling of * Quantity of labor * Quality of labor * Labor strikes * Labor relations Material supplies deals with the * Quantity of material * Quality of material * Price of material * Stability of material inputs * Delivery delays Nestle efficiently handles the quality, quantity, price and stability of both material and labor supplies. Management maps out the strategies for labor strikes, supply shortages and delays to avoid increasing the cost of production, which can badly affect sales in short run and customer satisfaction in long run. . 2. 3. Competitors Competitors also play a vital role in effecting the way in which the organization operates, competitors are basically the rival firms in the same market which is providing the same product in the case of Nestle the are many competitors since there is a wide range of products offered by Nestle Nestle's largest international competitors are Kraft Foods, Unilever and Mars Incorporated. It also faces competition in local markets or specific product ranges from numerous companies, including Sara Lee and DanoneNescafe is one of the world-famous brands of Nestle with a long history of development and illustrious reputation. Therefore we choose this brand to go deeper analysis of its production as well as its distribution. 3. Input and output 3. 1. Inputs 3. 1. 1. Raw material Coffee beans and water are the basic ingredients used to make coffee, but there are as many ways to make coffee as there are coffee drinkers. All Nescafe coffees are made of 100% pure coffee beans. The only exceptions are our ready-made c offee mixes and mixtures. They contain other ingredients such as whitener and sugar, which are commonly added to coffee.Raw materials are selected from the freshest coffee beans through the production process with the highest quality standards, properly roasted to keep the aroma of coffee are naturally charming 3. 1. 2. Labor Teams of professional preparation and testing are well trained. The sensitive senses of coffee experts allow them to recognize the best qualities as grinding, roasting and tasting raw materials. 3. 1. 3. Technology The company also has modern production technology and strictly quality control system in all stages of production. 3. 2. Outputs 3. 2. 1. Nescafe’s productsNescafe products include: Nescafe Original, Nescafe Classic, Nescafe Clasico, Nescafe Gold Blend, Nescafe Black Gold, Nescafe Special Filtre (in France), Cafe Parisien (The Paris experience), Nescafe Allen, Nescafe Espresso, Nescafe Red Cup, Nescafe Blend†¦ to name just a few. 3. 2. 2. Distribution Nescafe also be distributed under Nestle’s distribution system with the 2 major channels of distribution: Traditional distribution channels and Modern distribution channels. * Traditional distribution channels (grocery): Organize the sales staff to distribute products to individual households through market channels & shop. Modern distribution channels (key account): Deliver goods to consumers through supermarket, metro or distribution chain system. Furthermore Nestle is currently holding Out Of Home (OOH) distribution channel such as restaurants, hotels, at-work, factories, etc†¦ There are specific products for this channel to cater fully for the professional chef, a full merchandise to cater to the world standard hotel as 5 star hotels or the high-rate corporate office †¦ called NESTLE PROFESSIONAL parts distribution. 3. 3. Research for production of Nescafe-Nestle in VietnamTo ensure a large output power, the company must be combined with the Vi etnamese government to build long-term plan for raw materials to ensure the production of the company. Build strategic Materials areas by combining with fertilizer companies and agricultural extension centers to sign a contract directly with farmers. Furthermore, collaborate with scientists and local authorities in the provinces of Dak Lak, Lam Dong and Dong Nai-the key coffee growing regions in Vietnam- to build the model farm, offering new varieties of high yield and send some Vietnamese scientists to some Center of research and development in developing countries.Regarding technology, the big companies like Nestle will find advanced technology in the world to ensure that few workers record the highest results. Moreover, the company will provide technical assistance to coffee growers so that they can provide better quality and have higher income About labor at the factory the company will cooperate with Vietnamese Ministry of Labor to learn about the workforce in Vietnam or the co mpany will cooperate with the local center for workers promotion or the surrounding areas to make sure human resources are available if the company needs.The company will have a separate department to do this. 4. Manufacturing process * Harvesting It all starts on the plantations, where farmers tend to the coffee plants and harvest the coffee cherries, usually by hand. The next thing they have to do is separate the bean from the outer shell of the cherry. This is done either by drying the beans in the sun or by washing them in a pulping machine before drying them. * Drying To get at the coffee beans inside each cherry, the beans need to be separated from the skin, pulpa and parchment.This is achieved by drying the cherries under the sun or by soaking the cherries in hot water. The dry beans have a greenish tinge and are therefore known as ‘green beans'. They are usually exported for blending and roasting. By combining different types of beans you can give the resulting coffee a more rounded taste. Once you have the right blend of beans, the most important phase of coffee production begins: the roasting * Roasting Once the green coffee beans have been selected, the beans need to be roasted to release the aroma and taste we know as coffee. In fact, this important rocess is one of the most fundamental parts in producing the flavorful taste and rich aroma of NESCAFE coffees. During roasting, the coffee beans expand and change in color. They turn to yellow once they absorb heat and then to brown as the beans lose their water content. The beans turn darker as they release their oils, giving the coffee its flavor. Depending on the roasting equipment and the desired flavor of the coffee, green beans are roasted at between 180 °C and 240 °C for between three and fifteen minutes. * Grinding After roasting, the beans are ready for grinding.The particle size of the grind; whether coarse or medium, fine or very fine depends on the brewing method and equipment use d. Grinding increases the surface area of the coffee, allowing the flavor to be extracted more easily. * Processing To make NESCAFE ® Pure Soluble Coffee, the ground coffee is put into an industrial percolator containing hot water under pressure to brew a highly concentrated liquid coffee, called coffee liquor. The coffee liquor is then spray dried by passing it through a continuous stream of hot air, changing it into fine particles.This is the process for making NESCAFE CLASSIC ® coffee. Alternatively, the coffee liquor is snap frozen and then ground into the required particle size. The particles are suspended in a vacuum tunnel with low heat, causing ice crystals to form and leaving particles of freeze-dried NESCAFE GOLD ® coffee. 5. Marketing strategy for Nescafe in Vietnam 5. 1. Price Launch several product lines aimed at the large and diverse segment of the market. Each segment has different product lines with reasonable price and can be accepted but still ensure high qua lity. For classes of consumers with high incomes and interested in quality: the Nescafe Gold, Premium with higher prices and higher quality compared to other common products * For classes of consumers with average incomes – a large segment: with Blend 43, Mild Roast, Espresso products †¦ consumers receive economic benefits as well as product quality. * For young people: new product such as Latte with the relative prices. Deploy promotions, discounts to attract customers and increase purchasing power 5. 2. PlaceBuild strong distribution network with distributors and retailers to cover the market with high density. Develop the retail system to ensure the company's products are available to serve customers: retail outlets at premier sites e. g. Bus stand, Railway station†¦ Implement incentive policy about pricing and commission to agents to encourage them to introduce and offer products to customers at the reasonable price. Other than that, Nestle can put their vending machine in a place that always full of people such as shopping mall, airport, hospital, school and any other place.Associate with supermarkets and shopping centers by opening sophisticated parlors with more value added services; improve the area, type and number of the company’s products here. Expand promoting trade into neighboring countries such as Laos, Cambodia, west Asia countries, where Nestle’s products are not available or do not meet the requirements. 5. 3. Promotion Take advantages of company such as brand reputation, quality products to increase market share Use mass media to advertise products to consumers: * TV commercial * Magazine and newspaper advertizing * Public event * Online advertizing Social networking Use other form of advertising such as non-media communication or advertising. Some of the ways are participating exhibitions, sponsorship activities, public relations and sales promotion such as giving freebies with good or reduced price Construct showrooms to introduce the company’s products and distribute sample products to the customers. Intensify customer care service by holding seminars about nutrition and healthiness, informing customer about Nestle’s products. References * Jafaa, M. S. (2009) Nestle Marketing strategy for Marketing Report – Nestle Milo [online].Publication 25 November 2009 [accessed 16 June 2012]. Available from: http://www. scribd. com/doc/26214574/5/Nestle-Marketing-strategy * Brabeck, P. (2011) Nestle Malaysia Marketing Strategy [online]. Publication 8 March 2011 [accessed 16 June 2012]. Available from: http://www. allfreepapers. com/print/Nestle-Malaysia-Marketing-Strategy/1020. html * Aziz, M. K. (2009) Marketing Management Strategies of Nestle [online]. Publication 20 May 2009 [accessed 18 June 2012]. Available from: http://www. scribd. com/doc/61960026/Nestle * Nescafe (2008) Coffee Production [online].Publication 18 December 2008 [accessed 19 June 2012]. Available from: htt p://www. nescafe. co. uk/coffee_production_en_co_uk. axcms * Khan, S. A. (2011) TQM 2nd Assignment on Nestle [online]. Publication 16 February 2011 [accessed 21 June 2012]. Available from: http://www. scribd. com/doc/86194068/TQM-2nd-Assignment-on-Nestle * Nestle (no date) Mission and Vision [online]. Vavey, Switzerland: Nestle [accessed 21 June 2012]. Available from: http://www. Nestle. co. za/aboutus/Pages/MissionVision. aspx * Nescafe (no date) Coffee Roasting [online]. Vavey, Switzerland: Nestle [accessed 21 June 2012].Available from: http://www. nescafe. com/coffee_roasting_en_com. axcms * Nescafe (no date) Coffee Ingredients [online]. Vavey, Switzerland: Nestle [accessed 21 June 2012]. Available from: http://www. nescafe. com/coffee_ingredients_en_com. axcms * Nestle (2011) Nescafe [online]. United Kingdom: Nestle UK [accessed 21 June 2012]. Available from: http://www. Nestle. co. uk/brands/coffee/Pages/Coffee. aspx * Nescafe (2011) Corp Governance Report 2011 [online]. Vavey, Switzerland: Nestle [accessed 23 June 2012]. Available from: http://www. Nestle. com/Media/Reports/Pages/Reports. aspx.

Marilyn Monroe Marriage to Joe essays

Marilyn Monroe Marriage to Joe essays On January 14, 1954, Marilyn married baseball superstar Joe DiMaggio at San Francisco's City Hall. Unfortunately, Marilyn's worldwide fame and sexual image became a theme that haunted their marriage (Haberman 1). The marriage was unrelieved hell. She thought he did not care enough about her career; that he was jealous and discouraged by her willingness to play the national bimbo (Epstein 2). Nine months later on October 27, 1954, Marilyn and Joe divorced. They attributed the split to a "conflict of careers," and remained close friends. I married Joe with love. I thought I was going to have a good life. I thought we were going to have a decent marriage. I thought we were going to have a relationship as a husband and as a wife. And all the things that are entailed in a good marriage. And Ive discovered that the man is absolutely obsessed with jealousy and possessiveness. . . . He doesnt want to know about my business. He doesnt want to know about my work as an actress. He doesnt want me to associate with any of my friends. He wants to cut me off completely from my whole world of motion pictures, friends, and creative people that I know" (Oates 151) Marilyn Monroes divorce from Joe DiMaggio, there was many events that were potential threats to both her sanity and her life. After the divorce, she moved to New York City to pursue a serious career in acting. She studied under the great Lee Strasberg at his Actors' Studio. In the summer of 1956, two things happened. Marilyn married playwright Arthur Miller, and also Marilyn returned to Hollywood to film another movie, "Bus Stop." During this time in her life Marilyn was also forming her own production company with longtime friend Milton Greene. With the money she earned from previous movie roles, Marilyn started her own motion picture company, Marilyn Monroe Productions. Marilyn Monroe Productions would only make one film, 1957's "The Prince and the S...

30+ Writing Podcasts You Should Be Listening To

30+ Writing Podcasts You Should Be Listening To 30+ Writing Podcasts You Should Be Listening To Well†¦ don’t try to listen to all these writing podcasts - or you’ll never get any writing done!With the massive popularity of audiobooks and podcasts, you could easily say that we’re in an era of ‘peak audio content’ - and for book fans and budding writers, there’s never been a better time to get intimate advice from a range of voices. To celebrate the second season of Reedsy's Bestseller podcast, we’re giving you the skinny on some of the best writing podcasts around.Publishing and Self-PublishingPublishing a book is no easy feat. And if you choose to do it yourself by going down the independent publishing route, there’s a lot you’ll need to learn about marketing, design, and distribution. Thankfully, you won’t be short on great advice from those who have done it before.Bestseller by Reedsyâ€Å"The definitive insider's guide to our current golden age of television.†Ben Blacker of The Thrilling Adven ture Hour lets his listeners eavesdrop into conversation with some of the biggest names in television writing. If you dream of writing TV drama, or are just a Netflix addict, you’ll want to tune in for his talks with the likes of Vince Gilligan (Breaking Bad), Amy Sherman-Palladino (Gilmore Girls and The Marvelous Mrs. Maisel) and Damon Lindelof (Lost).Have we missed out your favorite podcast? Drop a message in the comments below and let us know!

Overview of High School Chemistry Topics

Overview of High School Chemistry Topics Are you confused by all the topics in high school chem class? Here is an overview of what is studied in high school chem, with links to essential chem resources and worked chem problems. Introduction to Chemistry To study high school chem, its a good idea to know what chem is.What Is Chem?What Is the Scientific Method? Math Basics Math is used in all the sciences, including high school chem class. To learn chem, you need to understand algebra, geometry, and some trig, as well as be able to work in scientific notation and perform unit conversions.Accuracy and  PrecisionSignificant FiguresScientific NotationPhysical ConstantsMetric Base UnitsDerived Metric UnitsMetric PrefixesHow to Cancel UnitsTemperature ConversionsCalculate Experimental Error Atoms and Molecules Atoms are the basic building blocks of matter. Atoms join together to form compounds and molecules.Atom BasicsAtomic Mass and  Atomic Mass NumberTypes of Chemical BondsIonic and Covalent BondsOxidation NumbersLewis Structures or  Electron Dot ModelsMolecular GeometryWhat Is a Mole?More About Molecules and  MolesLaw of Multiple Proportions Stoichiometry Stoichiometry describes the proportions between atoms in molecules and reactants/products in chemical reactions. You can use this information to balance chemical equations.Types of Chemical ReactionsBalance EquationsBalance Redox ReactionsGram to Mole ConversionsLimiting Reactant  and Theoretical YieldMole Relations in Balanced EquationsMass Relations in Balanced Equations States of Matter The states of matter are defined by the structure of matter as well as whether it has a fixed shape and volume. Learn about the different states and how matter transforms itself from one state to another.States of MatterPhase Diagrams Chemical Reactions There are several types of chemical reactions that can occur.Reactions in WaterTypes of Inorganic Chemical Reactions Periodic Trends The properties of the elements exhibit trends based on the structure of their electrons. The trends or periodicity can be used to make predictions about elements.Periodic Properties and  TrendsElement Groups Solutions Its important to understand how mixtures behave.Solutions, Suspensions, Colloids, DispersionsCalculating Concentration Gases Gases exhibit special properties.Ideal GasesIdeal Gas Law ProblemsBoyles LawCharles LawDaltons Law of Partial Pressures Acids and Bases Acids and bases are concerned with the actions of hydrogen ions or protons in aqueous solutions.Acid and  Base DefinitionsCommon Acids and BasesStrength of Acids and  BasesCalculating pHBuffersSalt FormationHenderson-Hasselbalch EquationTitration BasicsTitration Curves Thermochemistry and  Physical Chem Learn about the relationships between matter and energy.Laws of ThermochemistryStandard State ConditionsCalorimetry, Heat Flow, and EnthalphyBond Energy and  Enthalpy ChangeEndothermic and  Exothermic ReactionsWhat Is Absolute Zero? Kinetics Matter is always in motion.  Learn about the motion of atoms and molecules, or kinetics.Factors That Affect Reaction RateChemical Reaction Order Atomic and  Electronic Structure Much of the chem that you learn is associated with electronic structure, since electrons can move around much more easily than protons or neutrons.Valences of the ElementsAufbau Principle and Electronic StructureElectron Configuration of the ElementsQuantum Numbers and  Electron OrbitalsHow Magnets Work Nuclear Chem Nuclear chemistry is concerned with the behavior of protons and neutrons in the atomic nucleus.Radiation  and  RadioactivityIsotopes and  Nuclear SymbolsRate of Radioactive DecayAtomic Mass and Atomic AbundanceCarbon-14 Dating Chem Practice Problems Index of Worked Chem ProblemsPrintable Chem Worksheets Chem Quizzes How to Take a Chem TestAtom Basics QuizAtomic Structure QuizAcids and  Bases QuizChemical Bonds QuizChanges in State QuizCompound Naming QuizElement Number QuizElement Picture QuizUnits of Measurement Quiz General Chem Tools Periodic Table.  Use the periodic table to make predictions about element properties. Click on any element symbol to get facts about the element.Chem Glossary.  Look up the definitions of unfamiliar chem terms.Chemical Structures.  Find the structures for molecules, compounds, and functional groups.

Supplier Selection and Business Process Improvement Essay

Supplier Selection and Business Process Improvement - Essay Example This learn looks at the victory that TOFAS-FIAT Corporation has had in running supply chain in Turkey (Bashein, B. J., 2004, 7-13). In a globe where products are copied roughly as soon as they are introduced into the marketplace, building and supporting competitive advantage is a major anxiety for today's CEOs. For this reason, there is a strong link among how firms manage their people and the economic results achieved. Results from studies of five year endurance rates of initial public offerings; studies of productivity and stock price in large samples of companies from manifold industries; and detailed research on automobile, clothing, and other industries shows that considerable gains of approximately 40% can be obtained by implementing high performance management practices. a further purpose of this paper is to gain imminent into supply chain capability and the factors that enhance its development. If members of a supply chain are to thrive jointly they must acknowledge that a learning environment improves the overall effectiveness of the supply chain as well as the abilities of the individual members (Stump , R. L., 2001, 29-48). One important management practice for many companies is the relationship that they have with their suppliers. Supply chain partnerships are relationships between two or more independent entities in a supply chain to achieve specific objectives. Basically, these partnerships are generally created to increase the financial and operational performance of each channel. These objectives are accomplished throug

Television is the most important source of news for young people Essay - 1

Television is the most important source of news for young people today.to what extent do you agree - Essay Example Therefore, it stands to logic that television continues to be one of not the most important news sources for young people today. According to the American Press Institute, the conventional wisdom that people only get their news reports from a single source is a thing of the past. With the advent of streaming media, free access to online newspapers, and the rise of social media as a real time news source, no single form of technological information dissemination should be considered to be the primary mode. Most specially since there is at least a one hour gap between social media and internet news updates (since people post the news they experience as it happens) and television. (The American Press Institute, n.d.). Young adults today do not have the kind of patience and attention span of previous generations that allowed them to wait till they got home to confirm the news that they had heard during the day either from conversations with others, or headlines of the newspapers they pass at the newsstands. Surveys done in 2008 indicate that young adults tend to consider traditional news to be far too boring, time consuming, and old fashioned in a world where they gotten used to having everything they need at their fingertips. In this case, a swipe of their mobile phones, tablets, or laptops (Lewis, 2008). Furthermore, when a 2004 survey delved into the types of news media sources that young adults preferred to use, the results showed that 44% of young adults preferred to use the internet for news over the 35% that opted for the newspapers. and the 25% and 22% that would still use local and cable TV respectively (Lewis, 2008). Therefore, it stands to reason that as the internet and social media continue to grow its influence over the current generation of young adults, we will, as a society, continue to see a decline in the use of television as a primary

The Cold War and U.S. Diplomacy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

The Cold War and U.S. Diplomacy - Essay Example President Truman requested the Congress to assist the Greek Government to wipe out communism. It was argued that if Turkey would be provided with both economic and military assistance, the US would be able to contain the spread of communism. The Republicans supported the policy, which later controlled the Congress and promised to send $400 million in aid to the Greek government. However, no military forces were to be taken to Greece. The effect was to terminate the Communist threat in Greece. In 1952, both Turkey and Greece joined NATO, an armed alliance that assured their protection. Following this action, the Doctrine was informally expanded to become the foundation of the American Cold War policy around the world and throughout Europe. It shifted the U.S foreign plan towards the Soviet Union from a relaxation of tension to the containment policy of Soviet expansion. The effects of the Truman Doctrine for the U.S and other nations The Long-term policy Truman’s doctrine stren gthened American Cold War policy all over the world, and more specifically, in Europe. It lasted because it looked into a broader cultural uncertainty concerning contemporary life in a globalized world. Truman Doctrine and its policies dealt with the concern of Washington over communism’s domino impact. It also facilitated a media-sensitive representation of a policy that won bipartisan support and it rallied US economic power to stabilize and modernize unstable areas without direct military involvement. In addition, it brought about modernization programs and state-building activities to the forefront of international policy (Cox, 1990). The diplomatic effort became a metaphor for tragedy aid to keep a country from the influence of communism. Truman applied the... This essay describes the policy of the United States towards the Soviet Union during the Cold War focusing on Truman Doctrine. It also seeks to articulate the advantages and disadvantages of this doctrine. The Truman Doctrine originated from President Truman’s speech before a joint meeting of Congress on March 1947. The instant cause for the speech was a prior announcement by Britain that it would not provide economic and military support to the Greek Government in its civil war with the Greek Communist party. President Truman requested the Congress to assist the Greek Government to wipe out communism. It was argued that if Turkey would be provided with both economic and military assistance, the US would be able to contain the spread of communism. The study concludes that the Truman Doctrine was generally a reaction to political issues in Greece, but later had an impact in Europe and the entire world. It was a demonstration of foreign policy as an outcome of the fears and insecurities of Soviet power filling the gap in Europe. The Doctrine had several major consequences. For instance, Turkey and Greece were given financial support and they did not give way to the further spread of communism. Further, the U.S became committed to internationalism with the containment policy, rather than the former isolationism. In addition, it increased tension between the USSR and USA, which formalized the Cold War since America took direct action against communism.

Risks Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Risks - Assignment Example The book is for age 10 and over. OReilly chronicles a valuable, historical narrative of the tragedy that changed the nation. He presents information on the shocking events that lead to John Kennedy’s assassination that changed the course of American history. He also presents the political crisis the President was facing, his life and his family in the eye of the public. He recounts the gripping detail and brutal murder of John Kennedy, and how a sequence of gunshots killed a president that people loved. He also recounts how JKF sent the nation into the catastrophic division of the war in Vietnam. He also sent the nation to the culture changing repercussion of the Vietnam War. On the other hand, OReilly describes Lee Harvey Oswald as an angry Drifter, taken into police custody. His accusers accused him of the most notorious twentieth-century crime. OReilly also highlights the President as a brave leader, a hero, and a president whose desire was to make the world a better to liv e. Nonetheless, O’Reilly presents the government’s line that Harvey Oswald was a lone nut. However, Bill O’ Reilly book for young readers, Kennedy’s last Days about the JKF assassination might have remained inoffensively out of pasture had its author not been accused of fabricating a part of its monolog. Other writers and advocates have for a long time cataloged the meltdowns, exaggerations and many stumbles of OReilly. They perceive OReilly as being risky, recurrently unfair and inexorably lopsided. In the final pages of the book, he describes how he tracked down a shadowy Lee Harvey Oswalds associate in Florida. George de Mohrenschildt, the Russian-American businessman, had known Marina, Oswalds wife. He also helped Oswald get his first job. O Reilly in his book wrote that he heard a blast of a shotgun only to discover George had killed himself. However, news outlets are now challenging OReillys narrative with reports that he was in Texas at

Nursing Quality of Care Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Nursing Quality of Care - Essay Example All of this has to occur in a very fast ways, keeping in tandem with the pace of the world, the rapidly changing environment that provides little time for reflection. (http://www.nursing.gr/theory/theory.html) (1) (Carol, Susan, 2004) (2) As with the any other field, in nursing profession also new information in the form of research findings are constantly incorporated in the nursing practice. Here the nurses are considered as the critical link between clinical practice and incorporation of research based changes into it. Health care organization, now realizing the need of the hour are trying to create a mechanisms that facilitate the process of information translation from literature into practice effectively. The tremendous inflow of clinical research and easy accessibility of research findings have paved way for a paradigm shift of traditional intuition drive practice to evidence based practice. Although several researches have been undertaken in the way to incorporate evidence based changes in practice, the Rosswurum and Larrabee's "Model of nursing care quality - A model for change to evidence based practice " reigns as an important theory. Based on this many patient outcome based researches has been done, their results paving way for increased quality of health care practices and increased level of patient's satisfaction. The theory of quality of caring nursing, was proposed by Rosswurum and Larrabee, in 1999 as a model for guiding the fraternity of nurses through an orderly systemic process to incorporate the changes, thus modeling it into evidence based practice. This is an six-step model for evidence based practice. It can be described as a theoretical model of quality that is based on a world wide organismic view that renders a framework for better understanding of health care quality. This model encompasses both ethical and economical concepts, giving importance to virtues as value, beneficence, prudence and justice. This model is highly important in present world as it enlightens the concept of patients and families acting as equal partners, complimenting each others in defining, evaluating and achieving health care quality. I feel that this model is important, as it doesn't ends in itself but helps in development of many mid range theories that can be applied in practical nursing, ultimately p aying way for improvement in quality in both ethical and economical manner, giving it a wholesome view.(www.nursingtheory.net) (4) I selected the quality of nursing care as my theory, as the main focus of this theoretical model is to analyze how quality, that is used as a crucial component affects outcome - patients satisfaction. As it is well known, patient's satisfaction with in health care as become a key quality indicator. It is a patient's perceptive that affects how one determines whether a good nursing care is a achieved or not. It can be understood, the patients satisfaction is ultimate goal and result of any health care practice. This model, which is originated from nursing discipline, recognizes that the translation of research into practice can be achieved only through a solid grounding in change theory. The Rosswurum and Larrabee's conceptual frame work 1999 was used to adapt the existing medical evidences based practice to an approach that incorporates an focus on nursing phenomenon, with ultimate goal of teaching nurses the evidence based

Risks Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Risks - Assignment Example The book is for age 10 and over. OReilly chronicles a valuable, historical narrative of the tragedy that changed the nation. He presents information on the shocking events that lead to John Kennedy’s assassination that changed the course of American history. He also presents the political crisis the President was facing, his life and his family in the eye of the public. He recounts the gripping detail and brutal murder of John Kennedy, and how a sequence of gunshots killed a president that people loved. He also recounts how JKF sent the nation into the catastrophic division of the war in Vietnam. He also sent the nation to the culture changing repercussion of the Vietnam War. On the other hand, OReilly describes Lee Harvey Oswald as an angry Drifter, taken into police custody. His accusers accused him of the most notorious twentieth-century crime. OReilly also highlights the President as a brave leader, a hero, and a president whose desire was to make the world a better to liv e. Nonetheless, O’Reilly presents the government’s line that Harvey Oswald was a lone nut. However, Bill O’ Reilly book for young readers, Kennedy’s last Days about the JKF assassination might have remained inoffensively out of pasture had its author not been accused of fabricating a part of its monolog. Other writers and advocates have for a long time cataloged the meltdowns, exaggerations and many stumbles of OReilly. They perceive OReilly as being risky, recurrently unfair and inexorably lopsided. In the final pages of the book, he describes how he tracked down a shadowy Lee Harvey Oswalds associate in Florida. George de Mohrenschildt, the Russian-American businessman, had known Marina, Oswalds wife. He also helped Oswald get his first job. O Reilly in his book wrote that he heard a blast of a shotgun only to discover George had killed himself. However, news outlets are now challenging OReillys narrative with reports that he was in Texas at

Finance and Accounting of Carillion Plc Research Paper

Finance and Accounting of Carillion Plc - Research Paper Example Basing an argument on the financial information (income statement) there is a decrease in the general performance of the firm. The vital item in the income statement that outstands is a decrease in the revenue of the firm. In the 2011 fiscal year, the total revenue was  £4.9 billion which declined to  £4.4billion by the end of year 2012 then downscaled to  £ 4.1 in the year 2013. From the analysis, this shows a decrease of 10.2% and 6.9% from 2011 to 2013 respectively. The main cause of the decline from the financial report was the issue of rescaling the UK construction activities so that they make sure that they are associated in the size of their chosen market sectors (Annual Report 136). Such decrease in the revenue was anticipated as the company was trying to restructure and consequently fit the competitive advantage. However, the risk profile and overall quality improved as they remained selective in choosing contracts that they tried to bid. Secondly, from the income statement, it is clearly shown that the firm experienced a significant decrease in the expenses. The total expense in the year 2012 was  £ 11.5 million which decreased to  £ 9.5 million. From the computation, this is 17.4% reduction in the expenses. Other interest payable included private placement financing interest ( £14.3), finance lease of  £1.2 million and discount associated with lease provisions ( £1.4 million). From the investment point of view, this good sign for investors as the company has a future growth due to decreasing the costs of operation. The underlying profit of operations declined to  £214 million leading to a decrease in the overall revenue. This reduced form (2012:  £ 227.9) however; the operating margin remained at 5.6% and so investors should be concerned with the firm’s ability to generate profits.

Conceptualization of the study Essay Example for Free

Conceptualization of the study Essay Traditionally since its inception, The Black Church in America has been a symbol of unity in the black community. In times of crisis it has cut across various religious positions and has served as a spiritual base camp for blacks in America for many years. It has also played a role in community participation, social activities and provided care for the sick and a place of refuge for the poor. During the civil rights movement the black community looked to the church leaders as an instrument that could effect change for their social conditions. During that time, black church leaders were influential to many of the social changes that we partake of today. Any important institution of society will have a number of roles and functions, and thus, an impact upon its membership. The Black church is no exception. In his study of the Black church, distinguished social scientist E. Franklin Frazier included a chapter, â€Å"The Black Church: Nation within a Nation,† in which he saw the church as an â€Å"agency of social control,’’ as an â€Å"economic cooperative,’’ as an â€Å"educational institution,’’ as an â€Å"arena of political life,’’ and as a â€Å"refuge in a hostile white world: (Frazier, 1964). These functions—political, economic, social, and security—all attest to the secular scope of the Black church. Some students of the Black church have supported this view of the church’s secular function. An example is Joseph Washington, Jr. (1964), referring to the work of the late Rev. Martin Luther King, Jr. as an extension of the religious role of the church into the civil rights area. Although Washington viewed King’s philosophy as a perversion of the uses of Christian theology, and tended to view this activity as negative, his rationale was based on a lack of emphasis on theology in the Black church. Other writers have tended to support the view that, the function of the Black church was not so much to foster the spiritual growth of its members by its adherence to and development of the normal Christian theology of the church, as it was to serve their spiritually-related secular needs. St. Clair Drake and Horace Cayton, for instance, say in their study of the Black church in Chicago in the 1930’s: The Negro Church is ostensibly a â€Å"religious organization,’’ but Bronzeville expects it, too, to â€Å"advance the race. † Negro Baptists think of their congregation as a â€Å"Race Church,† and their leaders concern themselves with such matters as fighting the job ceiling and demanding equal economic opportunity as well as â€Å"serving the Lord. † (Drake and Cayton, 1970 Pg 167). Kelly Miller also says that the Black church â€Å" was not yet able to formulate a theological statement of its doctrine,’’ that it broke from the white church and â€Å"decided to go worship God under its own fig tree,† and in so doing, developed a distinctive orientation (Miller, 1968). Others, however, such as Gayraud S. Wilmore and James Cone, built on the Drake and Cayton notion of the Black church as a â€Å"race church. † They outlined the tendency of the Black church to be responsive to the dominant forces in the Black community by pointing to the compatibility between the â€Å"Blackness† of the church and the dominant ideologies—such as Black power—in the community (Wilmore, 1973; Cone, 1969). Assuming these notions are true, it should be possible to test a theory of the responsiveness of the Black Church. Learning more about the function of the Black church is made urgent by the increased necessity for it to be responsive to the social needs of the Black community. The nature of these social needs is made urgent by the many new problems, of this age. STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM AND PURPOSE Today’s Problems which relate to the role of the church in secular activities is in its relationship to black families. The number of black families headed by black females has continued to rise over the years verses other ethnic groups. This dramatic rise may be attributed to an increase in babies born out of wedlock, divorce and separations, all of which have more serious underlying causes, and which also have ramifications on the ability to maintain adequate income for provisional needs. The church formerly was the home for many entire extended families in the Black community; as such, it played a role in establishing standards of conduct; legitimizing births, marriages, and deaths; educating and caring for children; and counseling married individuals. Consequently, the church was a resource center for the Black family, and played a role in its survival. If there are now new pressures on the family which—in addition to employment-related difficulties—threaten the survival of the family, it is also worthwhile to assess the modern role of the church and the extent to which it provides services to meet these new needs. In light of the current problems facing the Black community, it is appropriate and necessary that a new assessment be made of the various institutions within the community which played a role in its progress. PURPOSE OF THIS STUDY The purpose of this study is to ascertain the present-day role of the Black church as a community institution, particularly with respect to the views of the church’s leadership, membership, and individuals in the community. To what extent, if any, does the church leadership believe that the Black church should be involved in the community? How do church members perceive the scope of the church as it relates to non-secular activities? And to what extent do residents, especially non-church members, view the church as a community resource? IMPORTANCE OF THE STUDY 1. To gain insight of how church leaders and members, perceive the role of the Black church in the 21st Century. 2. To understand the communities view of what role the church should play in the political, social and economic activities of the community. 3. To define to what extent the black church will sponsor religious and secular programs. ASSUMPTIONS This study was prepared based upon the following assumptions: 1. To assist the church in bridging the gap and being more effective in its mission to serve through its activities. 2. To broaden the awareness of church leaders and members on the needs of the black community it serves. 3. To demonstrate to local leaders the contributions the black church has to offer for the welfare of its citizens. 4. To identify church programs that shows potential for future community growth. LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY The study will be limited in the following way: 1. The primary focus of this study is to identify the impact of the black church in the community in which it exists. DEFINITION OF TERMS The following terms are defined to clarify their meaning in the context of study: Culture: The acquired knowledge, traits and symbols of a society Community: A group of people living in the same locally and under the same government. Secular: Not specifically relating to religion or to a religious body. METHOD OF STUDY This action research study will utilize action research, implementing quantitative research techniques. Quantitative research was selected for this study because it generates the comprehensive data needed for verification of results. ACTION RESEARCH The primary research method selected for this study is action research, because action research is concerned with improving a specific situation. Isaac and Michael validated the appropriateness of action research by confirming that it provides an organized structure to develop new skills or new approaches and so to solve problems with direct application to the classroom or working world setting. They suggested an orderly framework for problem solving and new developments that are superior to the impressionistic, fragmentary approach that typifies developments in education (1974, 13-30). Lewin, however, is credited with developing the term action research in 1944. He described the method as a cyclic operation in which the researcher is a participant in the process rather than a disinterested observer. The following steps are included in an action research study: (1) a planning or conceptualization step; (2) research or a fact-finding step; (3) an evaluation step; and (4) an execution step (1948, 34-36) Fermin and Levin in 1975 further described the research design as a preliminary and flexible strategy of investigation strategy of investigation or plan of action. The research is aimed at discovering â€Å"why,† and as a result, focuses centrally upon explaining social or political phenomena with answers of a theoretical nature. The research operates at a fuller or higher level of description, which includes making rational statements containing reasons or causes for behavior. Borg argued that action research design has as the chief benefit (1) a practical solution to a problem that may lead to a permanent improvement in the research environment; (2) it is the most appropriate method when practical significance is required rather than statistical and (3) the applicability of the finds are immediate and often of permanent improvement (1963, 319-322). QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH Isaac and Michael described quantitative research as allowing the researcher to formulate research questions or hypotheses and then to test each under controlled conditions. They decided its greatest merit is the convincing nature of hard data collected that can speak for itself (1974, 354-355). PROCEDURES To conduct this study, the following actions will be taken regarding each of the objectives: First objective: To identify and report the desired behaviors required for future Christian education leaders. 1. The literature of the field will be reviewed in the following areas: (a) Biblical context, (b) Church History, and (c) contemporary ministry. 2. The findings of the literature will be reported in chapter 2. Second objective: To validate the behaviors identified in the literature review. In order for the inventory of behaviors to be comprehensive, Flanagan stated that it is necessary to obtain a sufficiently representative sample (1949, 343). a) The degree of mutuality existing among the behaviors reported will be identified with respect to the different clusters. b) The number of behaviors will continue to be reduced by combining similar behaviors and writing new descriptions without regard for specific categories. c) The final inventory of administrative behaviors will be produced by the researcher. 2. The findings of the inventory of behaviors will be reported in chapter 3. Third objective: To make appropriate recommendations on the selection and training of future education administrators. 1. The study, including the findings of objectives 1 and 2 will be reviewed and summarized. 2. Appropriate conclusions will be drawn. 3. Specific recommendation which emerge from the study will be made, including suggestions for utilization of the competency areas recommended by the study, and suggestions for further research. 4. The summary, conclusions, and recommendation including check list will be reported in chapter 4. ORGANIZATION OF THE STUDY The study will be organized into four chapters in accordance with the Action Research, as table 1 displays. TABLE 1 Organization of the study based on action research Action Research Steps Chapters 1 2 3 4 Planning/Conceptualization X Fact Finding X X X Evaluation X Chapter 1 has stated the problem and purpose, explained the importance of the study, and stated the method. Chapter 2 will survey the literature to identify and report behaviors required to effectively analyze the characteristics of the church leaders, church members and surrounding neighborhood. Chapter 3 will report the validated behaviors for the role of the church. Chapter 4 will review and summarized the study, offer appropriate conclusion and discuss recommendations for change and future study. CHAPTER 2 CHARACTERISTICS We expect every church planter either black or white to be a good leader. Everyone else who knows about leader and his ministry, even including his group people expect it too. This is truly right no matter who a church planter is, may be any man or woman, may be a minister having both in church and outside of the church jobs. He may be a permanent pastor. Every church planter must enquire about his personality by self-questioning in such a personal way so that obtaining answers can help him to be sure about his decision and can help him to find out his true calling these answer can also help planter to know his future as a leader of his group. Our own understanding taught us about good leaders and leadership which we learned by working with different leaders. These leaders are the ones that people have known, read or watched about them. A successful leader has four elements including organization second program third morale and forth leadership. The greatest of four is leadership. Although morale is condition of mind and character that shows the person is brave. It also includes ability to do things with full trust on your self. The organizational element is based on morale followers; program of a church goes where the leadership goes. People have studied different kinds of leaders in secular history and in the Bible. The Lord Jesus Christ is their example as a true leader in Christian service. In the Bible God chose many people as leaders in His work for example Abraham, Noah, Nehemiah, Joseph, Paul and Daniel. Whenever the God leads anyone to think, about going into the Christian ministry he must look for a person who could demonstrate Him, what His person really used to be. A question also rises of what does God require of that person as His leader? And what it takes to be a good leader? The needed qualities of a Christian leader or a church planter should be as the Joseph had he even became a picture or copy of Jesus Christ. Josephs acts and character were good qualities for a church leader any church leader with these characteristics will definitely have success. â€Å"It is vital that counselors who collaborate with African American congregations understand that titles and the values assigned to them can be very important in the Black church and within many African American families. Counselors who do not use the formal titles of ministers, church leaders, older church members, and members who have earned doctoral degrees run the risk of hampered rapport. † (2005, 147) The God selected some of His people to be prophets, apostles, pastors, missionaries, and teachers, so that His people would be taught to serve and would become strong. This will carry on until we are united on accepting the Son of God by our faith. All the church has realized the need for leadership; they spend a big part of their life with the life of the church. People often think about the job of church leaders without attempting to connect their roles to the nature and purpose of the church. It means that church leaders become functionaries rather than ministers and become organization maintainers rather than church mission leader. But true black church leader as a person is that who uses his gifts to facilitate others in ministry, and then making suggestions and observations for implications to church. TESTIMONY OF PERSONAL CONNECTION WITH GOD When we talk about a church leader having a testimony, it proofs that God is with the leader and leader is with God. A church leader seeks a leadership ministry in Gods service and discusses his personal experience in the Christ. Sharing of a Christian testimony with others in public is the result of that personal experience. â€Å"The LORD was with Joseph, and he was a prosperous man; and he was in the house of his master the Egyptian† (Genesis 39:2) Private and public life of a church leader, as a Christian, supports his testimony and influences others to become Christian. People expect church leader to be person who follows words and prayers of God. A church leader demonstrates people by giving example of personal closeness to God in his private and public. People judge their weaknesses with the help of purposeful Christian testimony of the leader. A church leader witnesses for Christ through his hands, lips, works and entire life. STRONG CERTAINTY AS A CHURCH LEADER Certainty represents freedom and surety of fact from doubt. It means a church leader is ahead of all other people sent by God. A church leader has a sense of call to be Gods leader so it gives him a special desire for leadership ministry. It also gives him a deep faith that God has His hands in his progress. It helps in making him sure that God wants him to be a church leader. â€Å"†¦. God sent me ahead of you†¦.. to preserve for you a remnant on earth †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. it was not you who sent me here, but God† (Gen 45. 5,7,8). His firm belief gives him inner faith and courage and helps him to go through hard times in his work by staying firmly on the job until finish it according to God’s order. He does his job with dignity and proud character and blessings of the God who asked him to lead and serve. â€Å"Paul, a bond-servant of Christ Jesus, called as an apostle, set apart for the gospel of God† (Romans 1). The ministry requires church leaders to be certain of their calling as Gods leaders. INTEGRITY BEING A PART OF PERSONALITY Integrity is being truthful and honest. It also refers moral excellence and living and doing in a right manner. A church leader is true to him-self and keeps him-self pure and honorable. He knows the importance to keep integrity in front of God and people. Integrity as a needed quality for church leaders, and a church leader is free from any blame. He stands for God before his group and the people inside and outside of the church. A church planter makes a new church healthy when he has integrity in his private and public life. He knows how important it is for him to have authority as a leader, not only for just leadership but a church leader shows it in daily life. People need church leaders having integrity in their personality to teach them the difference between the right and wrong and help them choosing the right. DISTINCT CAPABILITIES When we talk about capabilities it represents fitness or ability. Distinct capability of a church leader enables him to do his job in a good manner wherever he serves people. Church leaders are good mentors they are wise and trusted persons who give advices. A church leader keeps on improving his talent by using his mentor and measuring obtaining results. People think that the greatest ability of a church leader is that, he depends only on God to avoid making mistakes in delivering his services to both God and people. Ability for church leading or planting is one of the parts of learnt talents of a church leader. USE OF AUTHORITY A church leader should use his authority properly which is given by the God and community. A church leader is not a good leader if no one is following him. People obey him because of his owning authority and their trust on his authority. Church leaders know above all else, that their power as a leader came from God. They receive authority and become God’s witnesses when the Holy Spirit appears on them. A church leader understands that his leadership power comes from the God and understands that those, whom he serves, give him authority as a leader. â€Å"A Christian does not forget that his leadership depends on responsibility that goes with authority† (2-corinthians-5:9) A church leader uses these blessings for establishing of the groups or churches, his position as a leader is to achieve success in carrying out Gods purpose. If a church leader uses his authority in a wrong or bad use then he will definitely suffer for his doings. The church leaders should not forget that their leaderships depend on responsibility and their authority goes with equal responsibility. It means they should be able to believe and precede these authorities in a reasonable manner. ACCOUNTABLE A church leader is responsible for using church assets and other resources in an appropriate manner – he should be accountable for himself. So Pharaoh said to Joseph, Im putting you in charge of the whole land of Egypt’ (Genesis 41:41). They trusted Joseph because of his self accountability. People who follow and support a church leader do not question about his plans for them. He opens his books for others to see and believes that honesty is a good policy. Church leaders spend their life on good and respected principles, the God and people expect that every church leader must have all of the qualities of Abraham, Noah, etc. A Church leader in leadership position is believed accountable and honest Christian leader. He needs to love the God’s messenger’s reports or reviews and do what they do. The reports or reviews help him to improve from good to a better leader. A church leader makes decisions according to religious possibilities; he accepts responsibility for the obtaining result of his decisions. People usually do not consider religious aspects in their routine they read religious books like open letters. A church leader knows how to make good decisions, he then lives with the decisions that he has made and accepts responsibility for his works. PLANS AND DIRECT ACTIONS A church leader knows how to plan and direct actions to avoid any mistakes being made. He formulates and deploys plans to achieve objectives – he directs the work accordingly until it finishes. He creates different questions in his mind; for example, what to do, why to do it, when to do it, how to do it, who to do, and how to finish it. A church leader’s plans are simple, people who work as group members and other people who follow him understand his plans clearly. He forms teams and give them duties so that they can work with authority and responsibility. He makes rules that people accept to follow. The God wants a church leader to share His vision with his team members and people. A good church leader knows how to put the God given plan into practice. A church leader is the person who influences his team members and leads team members to carry out the agreed objectives, by following the example of the Christ. People under him follow his way of life; a church leader gets people to act on church and mission goals, and he also ministers the need of people. A Church leader humbly realizes that he needs Gods help and needs it in developing good plans that will work for others. These working plans then successfully meet the desired goals. A church leader does not build plans for other people to merely honor them, but he does it for the good of his people with everlasting results. UNCHANGED LOYALTY A church leader demonstrates loyalty that never changes. A church leader is faithful to his promises and duties. He never finds fault in his job; people respect him as a man of God living among them. A church leader gives his life to Gods mission and purpose and spends his entire life doing it. Loyalty being a leadership quality, a church leader is always loyal to God and his people. A church leader needs loyalty to start and grow a church or group. A loyal church leader is the base of a healthy church to grow and a key element for a church to produce other churches. A church leader influences others in his ministry through his loyalty to Jesus Christ as the Savior and Lord. A loyal church leader produces loyal members he starts and finishes his job with his team very well. A successful Christian leader is always keen and willing to work with a community or groups. He has a strong desire to develop community services together. USE OF GOD’S GIFTS God has gifted all people with different abilities and characteristics. Nowadays, this divine gift directs people to serve churches, as ushers, church school teachers, financial officers, directors of food pantries, youth leaders, and in so many other roles. It all starts with gifts, which can be utilized in a variety of ways. Gifts are given by the God to everyone. The God doesn’t limit the gifts to his people, so we shouldn’t limit leadership to others. The potential to lead by using gifts for enabling others in ministry does not requires intelligence, education, economic status, age, gender, or any other human distinction. â€Å"Children and youth, as well as adults, all are gifted. Women and men, boys and girls have all been gifted which they can use in leadership of a church. It does not mean, however, that everyone should be an administrator of a church†. Gifts are several and of different nature, the variety of these gifts is much greater than churches usually realize. There are many gifts beyond the gifts that are usually used in preaching, teaching, and committee work. If one is to use all God given gifts for his leadership within a church, he/she must discover that wide range of gifts, and welcome the spirit to employ them. It is not always an easy task for a human to identify gifts since gifts have strange way of hiding themselves, particularly from those people who hold them. God’s given gifts are so much a part of our personality that people not likely to think of them as gifts. For example, if a person is a good organizer, he must recognize this specialty and take it as a gift given by God. As God’s gifts are discovered by interacting with others. However, discovering gifts is not enough because many people use there gifts haphazardly, with no attention to their development. God’s given gift’s effectiveness can be significantly enhanced through intentional development of them. For example, if a person with natural painting ability can choose not to practice or take lessons and keep his ability as hobby and keeps his gift undefined from being fully utilized for service. The church leaders provide opportunities to people for training and development of Gods given gifts. They are intentional about using these gifts of children and youth in future leadership. The church leaders encourage their members to affirm and identify one another’s gifts. People discover and experiments their gifts in an atmosphere of acceptance provided by the church leader. A church leader expands his understanding in order to be comprehensive and not neglect people’s gifts. CHURCH LEADER ENABLES OTHERS A church leader uses his gifts to enable others to discover, develops, and use their God’s given gifts. A church leader truly enables other people helping them to become God‘s intended persons. This is not a true leadership to just manipulate others to act in a certain manner. A church leader puts aside his or own ego needs and coach others in such a way that help them blossom. The key function of a church leader is to facilitate others by helping them in discovering, developing, and effectively utilizing their God given gifts. Church leaders have five essential components to enable people. These are helping them to gain knowledge, encourage personal growth, assist them in working with others, aid in skill development, and provide appropriate settings. Here the term â€Å"Knowledge† is about information of the Christian traditions, quality Bible study, the nature and mission of the church, and the expert knowledge related to particular areas of services. The personal growth includes people growth as they develop awareness of giftedness, self knowledge, and understanding of purpose, which is firmly stable in a relationship with Jesus Christ. A church leader is able to work well with others; it is an essential element of the leadership. Skills development includes effective communication, managing small group, organization, and having healthy relationships with others that is beneficial for his ministry. A church leader gives importance to people using their gifts in such circumstance that improve potential of their success. The role of a church leader is not always immediate or direct. If a person who provides nurture to young children is providing early enabling for the leadership of others. Therefore, a church leader needs to be seen in his every task in terms of how it enables people for ministry. The Church leadership as a service may be a new perception for some people, so the church needs to have deep study that explores up Jesus’ own servant leadership model. A church leader must provide opportunities and safe places for members to develop and use their God given gifts. Discovering and developing God’s gifts for people is not an end in itself. The ministry for which people are gifted is on a large scale, taking its place within and outside a church, even extends throughout the God’s world. The black church is the one place in our community where people come together and pool their resources to better minister to the church and the community (1993, 54). There are mutual ministries among church members as accepting, loving, available, supportive, and accountable community of faith. Out of the church’s boundaries, church leaders respond to human need by teaching love and hope, empowering the powerless, uplifting the poor, restoring creation, confronting all that harms persons and creation, and reconciling persons to God and one another. People note different implications for churches because the growth of effective leaders is grounded in a churchs vision of its ministry, a declaration of that vision needs not only to be created, but also acted on. Churchs involvements within and outside of the church provides a map of leadership opportunities by providing a starting point for selecting and developing leaders. COMMUNITY BEHAVIOR African American spirituality has woven collectively the best of African Anglo cultures to creatively shape their own African American identity. While black peoples have not been socially, politically or economically free in the history, the practice of spirituality has facilitated the development of different forms of cultural and spiritual freedom by interpreting, transcending and embracing, the constraints of an oppressive culture. Furthermore, the development of their own beliefs, norms, forms, practices, and structures has given rise to a culture and life that is a distinctive form of human survival, existence, and, freedom most importantly. The black churches as the centers of freedom influenced the praxis of African-American spirituality. They have become safe places where blacks gathered to embrace their combined concerns as a community of faith. They have been the only institutions in the African American experience that has continued relative independence from the domesticating influence of white pressure and overlords. Some black churches consider may be the last place to see integration due to the need to maintain a power base not available to black people elsewhere. After reviewing some aspects of worship as the context for cultural and spiritual freedom, black preaching in and out sides of the black churches are one of the most powerful expressions of freedom for black people in America. The ability to produce a soul language that defines truth into systems of meaning gives power and purpose to black people. Subsequently, Black community successfully adopts and adapts the structures of the much larger culture for their own purpose this practice comes from a double consciousness or translating. African Americans translated the experience of one kind to that of another which leading them to freedom. Therefore, black people spirituality gave freedom to the spirit and mind that the external condition could not take away. The religious approach is due to a deep faith in the sacredness of life that reaffirmed a personal dignity in blacks which resulted in the practice of nonviolence and mercy. Black community determines themselves how they responded to oppression. Various forms expressing improvisation and innovation from black soul forces constituted black culture. These forms under the subtitles black music, literature, humor, folk tales, sports, art and dance; and their worship forms under the headings of prayer, shouting, healing, dancing, singing praising and instrumental music transformation, teaching and preaching. These forms express that what is true and valuable will be determined by black community itself and will subvert and defy attempts of the larger culture to discern.

The Differences Between Athens And Sparta History Essay

The Differences Between Athens And Sparta History Essay Athens and Sparta may be on the same country and even on the same continent, but many differences can be found between these two city-states, They were close together on a map, yet far apart in what they valued and how they lived their lives (White, 2010). Some of the things they have differences, are the types of government each of then used to rule their cities. The education may have some similarities but at the end they differ in little things, as the military organization. The citizens on these two cities were in some part similar but also a little different as many of the things I had already talked about on the above. Both, Sparta and Athens did different things for their benefits and this things gave them the opportunity of unite more and the formation of a new government call democracy. There were three types of governments used by this two cities; monarchy, oligarchy and democracy. Each of them with different characteristics and that it identity and differ them from each other. Monarchy for example, is a type of government that consists that a king or a queen are the ones that rule the city, making everyone do what they order to do. Oligarchy, on the other hand is a government in which a small group of citizens gather together and they are the ones that control the taking of decisions (White, 2010). This were the types of governments that Spartans and Athenians used to control they cities, which at the end created the formation if a new government called democracy; a system of government in which citizens vote to make governmental decisions. On Sparta, the people that could be citizens were only the men and they need to be 30 years old. No women were allowed to be considered a citizen and of course they were only used to be housekeepers. Some of the women in Sparta owned lands and that was one the reason they were the freest women in Greece. Like in here, this author says: Citizen women were free to move around and enjoyed a great deal of freedom. Spartan women could own and control their own property (Unknown Author, Lets Compare at the time of Pericles, about 475 430 B.C).On Athens, the wealthy noble people that owned land were the ones that were consider citizens. One similarity between this two cities, were that no women where consider citizens but on Athens they werent allowed to own land. They also divided themselves into common people that didnt own land and the helots, which were free Greeks that had lived in Sparta before they were conquered. Not all the things between Sparta and Athens were completely different, there were some things which they had similar things. For example, on the way of government they both had a person or persons which were the ones that control the city and the things they were suppose to do. For example, Both Athens and Sparta had an Assembly, whose members were elected by the people. Sparta was ruled by two kings, who ruled until they died or were forced out of office. Athens was ruled by  archons, who were elected annually (White, 2010). Their military tactics and movements werent completely the same but they both had an army that Ortegà ³n 2 could help them. Also the weapons they used were similar, as helmets and swords. The educations for these two cities were similar in the way that they teach things, not the same things but they learned things. Also this education was mostly for men in both of the cities. Some differences they had on the things I just said were notably marked and they were constantly seen. On their government for example, the Spartan form was called  oligarchy, but it had elements of monarchy  , democracy, and  aristocracy(Unknown Author, Athens vs Sparta). They had a king which went with them to war and all the things they assisted, but he wasnt the one that took the decisions; the citizens were the ones that decided things. Instead on Athens, they used the democracy as they way of governing, which for them was more organized, but they were impartial because only the wealthy noble people were the ones that could vote. On their military part, Sparta only focused themselves into teach their people to fight and know how to defend themselves, instead Athens gave the options to men to take the decision if they wanted to join the army or not and study another thing. At the end, both of these city-states helped to the formation and evolution of the democracy, which in now days are used in most of the countries around the world. Sparta in somehow used the democracy but only a little group and even more in a group of old men which they didnt had knowledge of the things that were happening. Athens, on the other hand already used the democracy but a very restricted way which limited the common people to vote. Both of this forms of government opened the eyes of many tyrants and rules which at the end, when Greece united for the fight of power between Persia. It evolved and in a way it expanded around, giving new options to the world. Ortegà ³n 3

Was Macbeth A Traitor :: essays research papers

'Macbeth deserved to die because he was totally responsible for the betraying the Scottish king, Duncan, and the Scottish people';. Write an analytical essay in which you explore the forces behind Macbeth's murdering ways. Macbeth deserved to die for betraying the Scottish king, Duncan, and the Scottish people; however, he was not totally responsible for his actions. Lady Macbeth and the three Witches also played a major role. They were responsible for convincing Macbeth to begin the series of events, which eventually led to the destruction of order in Scotland. Once she had received news of the three Witches' prophecies, Lady Macbeth was intent that she would eventually become Queen of Scotland. Initially, Macbeth had decided not to murder Duncan, 'We will proceed no further in this business'; (Macbeth, Act I, scene vii). However, Lady Macbeth was determined to continue with her original plan. She repeatedly insulted Macbeth's manhood, provoking him to continue with the plans to murder Duncan, 'When you durst do it, then you were a man; and to be more than what you were, you would be so much more the man'; (Lady Macbeth, Act I, scene vii). She appealed to Macbeth's 'vaulting ambition'; so as to intensify the effect that the Witches' prophecies had on him, 'Great Glamis! Worthy Cawdor! Greater than both, by the all-hail hereafter'; (Lady Macbeth, Act I, scene v). She convinced Macbeth that the rewards of the murder would far outweigh the drawbacks and clear their conscience, 'A little water clears us of this deed'; (Lady Macbeth, Act I, scen e ii). Although Macbeth dearly loved his king, Lady Macbeth yielded such a persuasive power over him that he was convinced the Witches' prophecies of Duncan's murder and the resulting kingship were his rightful fate. The three Witches deceived Macbeth by proclaiming ambiguous prophecies, which led him to believe that he would be a powerful and loved king. The second apparition, 'Be bloody, bold, and resolute; laugh to scorn The power of man, for none of woman born shall harm Macbeth'; (a bloody child, Act IV, scene i) led him to believe that he would never be harmed, as nobody alive can be 'none of woman born';. Macbeth failed to realise that the apparition was referring to Macduff, who was born by caesarean. The third apparition, 'Macbeth shall never vanquished be until Great Birnam Wood to High Dunsinane hill shall come against him'; (a child crowned with a tree in his hands, Act IV, scene i) also fooled Macbeth into believing that he would not be harmed as king.

Islam, Quran, Sunnah Essay

The paper talks about the importance of the Quran and the Sunnah as the primary sources of Islamic beliefs, practices, and law, and their influence in Muslims daily life Islam. Islam is a religion that was originated when Prophet Mohammad (PBUH) began to spread the teachings of Allah (God of the followers of Islam) in the 7th century. God choose Prophet Mohammad as his last messenger and ordered the Prophet to spread his teachings and to ask everyone to believe in the oneness of Allah and the people who follow Islam are called the Muslims. Quran is the book of God that was revealed to Prophet Mohammad through Angel Jibrael and the Muslims consider the book to be a very Holy Book of God that covers each and every aspect of life and the word Quran stands for recitation. It talks about everything a human being needs to seek guidance for and it tells the right way of how to live your life. When the Quran was revealed, the language it was written in was Arabic, however, now the book is available in all translations so that people can read and understand the true context of the book well and can follow its teachings. The teachings in the Quran differentiate the right from wrong and also tell the benefits of selecting the right path and the consequences of selecting the wrong path. The Muslims who select the right path would always benefit in the world and also in the hereafter i. e. life after death. Quran does not force anyone to adopt the right or the wrong path but it does portray the negative and the positive aspects of the path the Muslims select. As mentioned above, Quran is a complete book of guidance for the Muslims and it covers every aspect of life. To further explain this, I would give some examples of what Quran speaks of. Some of the very basics that Islam as well as other religions also ask the human community to do is to always select the right path that means they should not cheat anyone, they should not lie, they should not betray anyone or should not take the sue share of another person. As said by the Quran and the Prophet Mohammad, the Muslims who will follow the teachings of Islam and implement the etchings of the Quran will always be successful in every way and the most important thing is that Allah (God) will also love such people and this would then result in the worldly reward or the reward of going to Heaven after death. When the Quran was revealed, the companions of Prophet Mohammad used to write down each and every verse of Allah and the Book was later complied and the text is still the same as it was when it was revealed. The Muslims also believe that each and every word is the Book is the word of Allah. Quran is thus very important in shaping up the life of a Muslim and is one of the primary sources of Islamic beliefs. Other than the Quran, the Sunnah is also considered to be one of the primary sources of the Islamic believes. The word Sunnah basically refers to the path that Prophet Mohammad choose to live his life and it includes the traditions he followed, his actions and words, what he practiced. Overall, it basically the way he had chosen to live his life. The Muslims follow the example of the Prophet Mohammad mainly through the Hadiths. Prophet Mohammad did each and everything God asked him to do and led his whole life always by choosing the right path. For instance, Prophet Mohammad taught the Muslims to offer prayers both individually as well as in congregation especially for the men and that is what the Muslims follow today especially on every Friday when all Muslim men go to the mosque to offer the Friday prayers. Since the time of Prophet Mohammad, people have learned how to live in a practical manner and this has been transmitted to their future generations. The Muslims also adopt the living style of the Prophet that includes his habits and style and the way he dealt with the other people. He was always considerate and caring, he always used to forgive others and he always used to be polite with others and this is what the Muslims must inculcate in themselves as well. The Quran also talks about Prophet Mohammad and has commanded the Muslims to follow what the Prophet has taught and to obey the teachings of the Prophet at all times. The significance of Sunnah is moreover also to please God by doing what His most loved Prophet did and to embrace his way of living. Both the Quran and the Sunnah therefore, play a very vital role in shaping up the life of a Muslim and so these have a great influence on the lives of the Muslim community. Work Cited Neusner, Jacob. World Relgions in America: An Introduction. 3rd Edn. Westminster John Knox Press, 2003. Swarup, Ram. Understanding the Hadith: The Sacred Traditions of Islam. 1st Edn. Prometheus Books, 2002. Voorst, Robert. E. V. Anthology of World Scriptures. 6th Edn. Wadsworth Publishing, 2007. Waqner, Walter H. Opening the Qur’an: Introducing Islam’s Holy Book. 1st Edn. University of Notre Dame Press, 2008.